Genetic interaction analysis for DRD4 and DAT1 genes in a group of Mexican ADHD patients

Ratio of lysine to methionine alters expression of genes involved in milk protein transcription and translation and mTOR phosphorylation in bovine mammary cells

“…The AA profile of this medium was as follows: Arg, Cys, Gln, Gly, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, and Val at 84, 63, 584, 30,42,105,105,146,30,66,42,95,16,104, and 94 mg/l. When the MEC were at 80% confluence, the FBS-containing basic medium was replaced with FBS-free lactogenic medium, and the cells were cultured for another 8 h as an adaptation period.…”

“…The mammary glands can uptake AA from blood through different transporters located in the plasma membrane of mammary epithelial cells (MEC). Such a mechanism helps sustain an active synthesis of milk protein (16).…”

Exploring DRD4 and its interaction with SLC6A3 as possible risk factors for adult ADHD: A meta‐analysis in four European populations

“…Since SLC6A3 is expressed in subcortical regions whereas DRD4 is expressed in frontal cortex, the two genes may indeed be expected to increase ADHD risk by acting in independent pathways [Durston et al, 2005]. However, it is difficult to draw a final conclusion about the combined participation of these two genes in ADHD symptomatology as several studies have described discordant results [Roman et al, 2001;Kim et al, 2005;Carrasco et al, 2006;Qian et al, 2007;Gabriela et al, 2009].…”

“…After the first studies that identified the 7R as a risk allele for ADHD, most of the subsequent work solely tested this allele versus all the others [Castellanos et al, 1998;Comings et al, 1999;Muglia et al, 2000;Tahir et al, 2000;Curran et al, 2001;Mill et al, 2001;Langley et al, 2004;Gabriela et al, 2009]. Other studies differentiated between short (2R-5R) and long alleles (6R-11R) Hawi et al, 2000;Kotler et al, 2000;Manor et al, 2002].…”

“…We performed a meta-analysis of unpublished case-control data from four different countries (Germany, The Netherlands, Norway, and Spain) integrated in the International Multicentre persistent ADHD CollaboraTion (IMpACT) in a sample of 1,608 adult ADHD patients and 2,352 controls. Also, as several studies have shown epistatic [Roman et al, 2001;Gabriela et al, 2009] or additive effects [Carrasco et al, 2006] between DRD4 and SLC6A3 in ADHD or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms [Auerbach et al, 2010], we used previously published SLC6A3 genotype data from IMpACT ] to assess their potential combined contribution to adulthood ADHD.…”