Genetic modification in floriculture

Chandler, Stephen F.; Brugliera, Filippa

doi:10.1007/s10529-010-0424-4

Cited by 90 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Interestingly, some species of Asteraceae have re-acquired the F3¢5¢H function from their F3 ¢H gene by convergent evolution (Seitz et al, 2006). Transgenic blue/violet carnations and roses have been developed by expressing a heterologous F3 ¢5 ¢H gene (Chandler and Tanaka, 2007;Katsumoto et al, 2007).…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids

2008

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SummaryPlant compounds that are perceived by humans to have color are generally referred to as 'pigments'. Their varied structures and colors have long fascinated chemists and biologists, who have examined their chemical and physical properties, their mode of synthesis, and their physiological and ecological roles. Plant pigments also have a long history of use by humans. The major classes of plant pigments, with the exception of the chlorophylls, are reviewed here. Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids derived ultimately from phenylalanine, are water-soluble, synthesized in the cytosol, and localized in vacuoles. They provide a wide range of colors ranging from orange/red to violet/blue. In addition to various modifications to their structures, their specific color also depends on co-pigments, metal ions and pH. They are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. The lipid-soluble, yellow-to-red carotenoids, a subclass of terpenoids, are also distributed ubiquitously in plants. They are synthesized in chloroplasts and are essential to the integrity of the photosynthetic apparatus. Betalains, also conferring yellow-to-red colors, are nitrogen-containing water-soluble compounds derived from tyrosine that are found only in a limited number of plant lineages. In contrast to anthocyanins and carotenoids, the biosynthetic pathway of betalains is only partially understood. All three classes of pigments act as visible signals to attract insects, birds and animals for pollination and seed dispersal. They also protect plants from damage caused by UV and visible light.

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Section: Biosynthesis Of Flavonoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids

2008

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“…The third class of pigments, betalains, can be found only in certain plant species of the Carophyllales and in some higher fungi such as fly agaric [2] [3]. Over the past few decades, almost all the key genes in the main biosynthesis pathways of flavonoids and carotenoids have been cloned from a range of plant species, and genetic engineering has been carried out to breed new cultivars with novel flower colors in many floricultural plants [2]- [8]. Some branch/modifying enzymes are limited to certain plant species; however, most of these genes are not yet known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transforming the Snapdragon Aurone Biosynthetic Genes into Petunia Alters Coloration Patterns in Transgenic Flowers

Wang¹,

Chin²,

Lin³

et al. 2015

ABB

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Aurones belong to a small class of flavonoids that provide yellow color in some floricultural plants including snapdragon. To explore novel flower coloration, two full-length cDNAs encoding chalcone 4'-O-glucosyltransferase (designated as SRY4'CGT) and aureusidin synthase (designated as SRYAS1) in the aurone biosynthetic pathway were cloned from yellow flowers of snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus cv. Ribbon Yellow). Binary vectors were constructed and transformed separately into Petunia hybrida harboring blue flowers. Only a few flowers in 4 out of 9 transgenic SRY4'CGT plants showed variegated blue-white sectors; as time passed, amounts of variegated flowers and proportion of white sectors in the background blue color of the new-born flowers gradually increased, until finally, the petal color was completely white in all late-born flowers. In contrast, a few flowers in 3 out of 13 transgenic SRYAS1 plants showed variegated blue-white sectors; but, the amounts of variegated flowers did not increase over the whole flowering stage, and no complete white flowers were observed. RNA samples isolated from blue and white sectors of T1 transgenic SRY4'CGT plants were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR, transgenic SRY4'CGT transcripts were detected in both sectors; however, transcripts of an upstream gene, chalcone synthase (CHS), were abundantly detected in the blue sectors but largely reduced in the white sectors, suggesting that the expression of CHS gene was suppressed in white sectors of transgenic plants. Furthermore, HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry demonstrated cyandin, malvidin and their derivatives were absent in white sectors, causing the white phenotype. Our findings may be attractive to molecular breeders.

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“…It needs many years before genetic transformants can be used successfully, as compared with conventional breeding. These include selection of an appropriate line, characterizing the line in terms of environmental risk assessment for the regulatory process and making sure any patented technology is covered by freedom to operate agreements 6 . A high cost of development due to securing licenses is not borne by conven- Petal Days tional breeding.…”

Section: Genetic Engineering Techniques Versus Conventional Cross Brementioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Flower Vase Life using Cross-Breeding Techniques in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

Onozaki

2008

JARQ

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The vase life of cut flowers, or flower longevity, is one of the most important characteristics that determine their quality and their ability to satisfy consumer preferences. To improve the vase life of carnations, conventional cross-breeding techniques were used to develop many carnation lines with a long vase life. Two new cultivars, 'Miracle Rouge' and 'Miracle Symphony', with a genetically determined long vase life, were developed. They had vase lives of 17.7 to 20.7 days (3.2 to 3.6 times the vase length of the 'White Sim' cultivar) under standard conditions (23ºC, 12-h photoperiod, 70% RH). The ethylene biosynthesis pathway in these cultivars was almost completely blocked during natural senescence, which was responsible for the long vase life. Changes in ethylene sensitivity with flower senescence were evaluated using a time-lapse video recording system, which provides a simple and accurate way of evaluating ethylene sensitivity. The video system revealed that the ethylene sensitivity of various cultivars including 'Miracle Rouge' and 'Miracle Symphony' after anthesis decreased with increasing age.Disciplines: Horticulture / Plant breeding Additional key words: ethylene production, ethylene sensitivity, flower longevity, flower senescence JARQ 42 (3), 137 -144 (2008)

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Genetic modification in floriculture

Cited by 90 publications

References 50 publications

Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids

Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids

Transforming the Snapdragon Aurone Biosynthetic Genes into Petunia Alters Coloration Patterns in Transgenic Flowers

Improvement of Flower Vase Life using Cross-Breeding Techniques in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

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