“…Environmental factors include type of prosthesis, implant design, material, surgical technique, fixation method, and postoperative rehabilitation procedure have been widely studied [ 13 , 14 ], but more and more attention is paid to the genetic factors like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs are genetic variations that are considered biologically normal and can be found in at least 1% of the population, which may contribute towards individual susceptibilities to certain pathological conditions [ 15 , 16 ]. Various gene SNPs of GNAS1, TNF-238, TNF-a, IL6-174, MMP1, MMP2, and et al were reported to be associated with increased prosthetic loosening.…”