Genetic Relationships Among Chum Salmon Populations in Southeast Alaska and Northern British Columbia

Kondzela, Christine M.; Guthrie, Charles M.; Hawkins, Sharon L.; Russell, Cassandra; Helle, John H.; Gharrett, Anthony J.

doi:10.1139/f94-295

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Pacific salmon typify the life cycle and population structure of anadromous fish species: each river supports a distinct spawning population (e.g. for examples of population structure in chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta , see the following: allozyme data: Kondzela et al . 1994 ; Phelps et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine population structure in an anadromous fish: life‐history influences patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation in the eulachon, Thaleichthys pacificus

1999

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Due to the apparent decline in size of a number of populations, eulachon, Thaleichthys pacificus, have recently become the focus of a conservation movement in the northeast Pacific. Little is known of the marine life-history phase of this anadromous fish, and although it has been suggested that eulachon spawning in different rivers may form distinct populations, nothing is known of their population structure. Molecular genetic data were used to investigate population structure and possible management schemes. Mitochondrial DNA genotypes, determined through restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) analysis, were resolved in fish from several rivers throughout the geographical range of eulachon. Our data support the idea that extant eulachon populations result from postglacial dispersal from a single Wisconsinan glacial refuge. Further, while three of the 37 haplotypes recovered account for approximately 79% of the samples, many private haplotypes were observed, suggesting possible regional population structure. While a great deal of genetic variation was observed (37 haplotypes in 315 samples), an AMOVA showed that > 97% of the total variation was detected within populations. As yet, it is unclear whether genetically distinct populations of eulachon exist, or if these fish may be treated as one or a few large populations. Results were tested against predictions made from hypotheses concerning the origin and persistence of subdivided populations in marine species, and seem to be more consistent with the Member-Vagrant hypothesis than isolation by distance. Eulachon present an interesting situation that illustrates the difficulties involved in defining management units in organisms with high levels of gene flow.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine population structure in an anadromous fish: life‐history influences patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation in the eulachon, Thaleichthys pacificus

1999

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“…Surveys of genetic variation in allozymes (Beacham et al. 1985a, b; Kondzela et al. 1994; Phelps et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2 A possible exception is the pink salmon population in Lake Aleknagik, Alaska (Robins et al, 2005). Kondzela et al 1994;Phelps et al 1994;Shaklee and Varnavskaya 1994;Wilmot et al 1994) and mitochondrial DNA (Brykov et al 1996;Sato 2004) all reveal less differentiation among spawning sites within countries or regions than is typical of other species in the genus.…”

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confidence: 99%

Recurrent evolution of life history ecotypes in sockeye salmon: implications for conservation and future evolution

Wood

Bickham

Nelson

et al. 2008

Evolutionary Applications

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We examine the evolutionary history and speculate about the evolutionary future of three basic life history ecotypes that contribute to the biocomplexity of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). The ‘recurrent evolution’ (RE) hypothesis claims that the sea/river ecotype is ancestral, a ‘straying’ form with poorly differentiated (meta)population structure, and that highly structured populations of lake-type sockeye and kokanee have evolved repeatedly in parallel adaptive radiations between recurrent glaciations of the Pleistocene Epoch. Basic premises of this hypothesis are consistent with new, independent evidence from recent surveys of genetic variation in mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA: (1) sockeye salmon are most closely related to pink (O. gorbuscha) and chum (O. keta) salmon with sea-type life histories; (2) the sockeye life history ecotypes exist as polyphyletic lineages within large drainages and geographic regions; (3) the sea/river ecotype exhibits less genetic differentiation among populations than the lake or kokanee ecotypes both within and among drainages; and (4) genetic diversity is typically higher in the sea/river ecotype than in the lake and kokanee ecotypes. Anthropogenic modification of estuarine habitat and intensive coastal fisheries have likely reduced and fragmented historic metapopulations of the sea/river ecotype, particularly in southern areas. In contrast, the kokanee ecotype appears to be favoured by marine fisheries and predicted changes in climate.

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“…Genetic analysis.-Allozyme variation was par-titioned to examine the genetic structure of southeast Alaskan salmon populations. Genetic variation of Chinook salmon (Gharrett et al 1987), chum salmon (Kondzela et al 1994), sockeye salmon ), even-year pink salmon (McGregor 1982), and odd-year pink salmon (McGregor 1982;Gharrett et al 1990) was partitioned, using ANOVA, into hierarchical components (Weir and Cockerham 1984;Weir 1996) that quantify the variation within populations (1s ), among populations within regions ( s -P ), and between regions ( P ). The statistics, which are analogous to Nei's (1973) gene diversity analysis, estimate the relative proportion of the total variability that is attributable to each level of hierarchy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of Population Diversity of Pacific Salmon in Southeast Alaska

Halupka¹,

Willson

Bryant

et al. 2003

North American Journal of Fisheries Management

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We analyzed intraspecific variation in selected biological characteristics of five species of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. in southeast Alaska and adjacent areas of Canada with a particular interest in describing the variation among populations and suggesting conservation priorities to preserve existing variation. We identified traits that showed high levels of among‐population variation, evaluated the interspecific consistency of variation patterns, and noted the relationship of these traits to potential adaptive variation. In addition, we graphically identified populations with distinctive phenotypic and demographic characteristics as outliers from the distribution of mean values of traits taken from populations throughout the region. We also reviewed allozyme surveys to identify populations that differed in terms of the geographic clustering patterns of allele frequencies. Approximately 9,000 salmon populations occur in the study area, and sufficient data were available from 2,062 (23%) of them to analyze at least one characteristic. We identified 47 populations represented by adequate data sets that have distinctive characteristics. An additional 35 populations, represented by limited samples or unusual nominal traits, may be regionally distinctive. Of the 47 adequately sampled, distinctive populations, 22 met our criteria for conservation consideration: (1) high potential for adaptive variation (including distinctive run timing), (2) a distinctive trait combined with high spawner abundance or allozyme frequencies that diverge from geographic clustering patterns, and (3) more than one distinctive characteristic or freshwater habitat shared with other distinctive populations. Freshwater habitats for 6 of those 22 populations are located in watersheds that do not have restrictive land use designations and warrant the highest conservation priority.

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Genetic Relationships Among Chum Salmon Populations in Southeast Alaska and Northern British Columbia

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

Marine population structure in an anadromous fish: life‐history influences patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation in the eulachon, Thaleichthys pacificus

Marine population structure in an anadromous fish: life‐history influences patterns of mitochondrial DNA variation in the eulachon, Thaleichthys pacificus

Recurrent evolution of life history ecotypes in sockeye salmon: implications for conservation and future evolution

Conservation of Population Diversity of Pacific Salmon in Southeast Alaska

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