Genetic similarity and differences between the Orobanche cumana Wallr. Populations from Russia, Kazakhstan, and Romania revealed using the markers of simple sequence repeat

Abstract

The molecular genetic diversity of the broomrape (O. cumana) populations, parasitizing on sun flower in Russia, Romania and Kazakhstan, was studied with codominant microsatellite markers. By means of cluster analysis, the populations of broomrape were divided into two clusters, regardless of their racial com position. In the first cluster, 19 samples from Russia and Kazakhstan, representing one gene pool are grouped; the second cluster consisted of five populations from Romania, united in another pool. According to Nei, the genetic distance between the clusters was 0.137. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that 22% of total variance were caused by differences between the genetic pools and 78% appeared due to differences between the samples within the each gene pool. The pairwise comparisons performed by Wright's statistics showed that the differences between these two gene pools are sufficient (F st = 21.9%) in order to make the conclusion about the existence of small genetic differentiation between the pools. The descriptive population genetic sta tistics for each pool indicate that the broomrape populations from Russia and Kazakhstan are characterized by a higher level of intrapopulation diversity than the populations from Romania.

Genetic characterization of Orobanche cumana populations from the Thrace region of Turkey using microsatellite markers

“…Pineda-Martos et al (2013) detected 19 alleles (2 to 3 alleles/locus) for the same SSR loci as in our study. In the work of Guchetl et al (2014aGuchetl et al ( , 2014b, 17 alleles (2 to 4 alleles per locus) were detected for the same SSR loci, except Ocum-160, with our study. The results of band sizes and allele numbers of SSRs in various studies conducted with different O. cumana populations in the literature and in this study are consistent with each other.…”

“…It has been reported that the analyzed SSR loci have a significant level of heterozygote deficiency, and the main reasons for this are a higher fixation index and selfing rate value. Guchetl et al (2014aGuchetl et al ( , 2014b indicated higher heterozygosity in populations from Russia and Kazakhstan than populations from Romania. It is emphasized that geographic distance, different soil types, and climatic conditions might affect the level of heterozygosity in these populations.…”

“…The Edirne and Kırklareli populations were in cluster I and the Tekirdağ populations were in cluster II. In the studies of Guchetl et al (2014aGuchetl et al ( , 2014b, two well-differentiated clusters were obtained: cluster I grouped populations from Russia and Kazakhstan, whereas cluster II combined populations from different regions of Romania. High levels of intrapopulation diversity and populations from Russia and Kazakhstan being in the same cluster were explained by genetic diversity and similarity of open-pollinated sunflower varieties that were cultivated since Soviet times.…”

Genetic and Genomic Tools in Sunflower Breeding for Broomrape Resistance

“…This was observed in regions with long history of broomrape occurrence [14]. Differences in intra-population genetic diversity were reported in the case of broomrape populations from Russia and Kazakhstan which were more diverse than the Romanian populations [15]. Contrary to that, broomrape introduction into new regions resulted in low genetic diversity and a probable connection to strong founder effect [16].…”

An SSR-SNP Linkage Map of the Parasitic Weed Orobanche cumana Wallr. Including a Gene for Plant Pigmentation

“…However, this is currently hampered by the limited availability of genetic tools in O. cumana , since most of the research has been carried out on the crop host, the sunflower. The few genetic studies in O. cumana have mainly focused on population structure and genetic diversity analyses (Castejón-Muñoz et al, 1991; Gagne et al, 1998; Pineda-Martos et al, 2013, 2014; Guchetl et al, 2014; Molinero-Ruiz et al, 2014; Martín-Sanz et al, 2016). These studies concluded that the populations parasitizing sunflowers were characterized by low intra-population diversity and, in general, low differentiation between populations.…”