Genetic Variability and Relationships in Pacific Salmon and Related Trout Based on Protein Variations

Utter, Fred M.; Allendorf, Fred W.; Hodgins, Harold O.

doi:10.2307/2412306

Cited by 95 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The visualization of 'background' bands was subsequently shown to be due to alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) (ADH) isozymes reacting with methanol (used to store cellogel sheets prior to use) still present in the gels after soaking in buffer solution. (Avise and Smith 1974a), and 0.01-0.13 ; Utter et al 1973). Some estimates for populations of the cave-dwelling fish Astyanax mexicanus [0.00-0.41 (Avise and Selander 1972)l are considerably higher, however, than those reported above.…”

Section: Protein Variation Between Speciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Morphological and Biochemical Systematics of Australian Freashwater and Estuarine Percichthyid Fishes

Macdonald¹

1978

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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The taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of six Australian species of the family Percichthyidae have been investigated using data obtained from comparative morphological examination of preserved specimens and from electrophoretic detection of variation in proteins extracted from liver tissue.Members of the genera Maccullochella, Plectroplites, Macquavia and Pevcalates form a group of generalized percoid species that have presumably colonized Australian fresh waters from marine origins. On morphological grounds the group is here considered to belong in the basal percoid family Percichthyidae rather than in the specialized family Serranidae to which it has been previously assigned. Some doubt remains, however, as to the affinities of the genus Maccullochella.Evidence from morphological studies, and from electrophoretic analysis of protein variation at 19 genetic loci, indicates that Maccullochella differs extensively from the other genera and that the two subgroups so formed represent separate invasions of fresh waters by already distinct marine ancestors. The Australian genera Plectvoplites, Macquavia and Pevcalates form a closely related monophyletic group which can be assigned to a single genus. The oldest available name for such a genus is Macquavia Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830.Morphological and electrophoretic evidence supports the distinction of two species of Maccullochella, but no significant variation was detected between Pevcalates specimens initially identified as either P. colonovum or P. novenzaculeatus.

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Section: Protein Variation Between Speciesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Morphological and Biochemical Systematics of Australian Freashwater and Estuarine Percichthyid Fishes

Macdonald¹

1978

Mar. Freshwater Res.

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“…Electrophoretic studies of protein variation have been able to resolve evolutionary relationships at the interspecific level as a high proportion of loci tend to be informative and diagnostic at the species level. Work on salmonid species (Utter et al ., 1973; Ferguson & Fleming, 1983; Johnson, 1984; Osinov & Lebedev, 2000) supports the Atlantic salmon being a species distinct from brown S. trutta Richardson, rainbow S. gairdneri Richardson and cutthroat S. clarkii Richardson trout, the other species originally placed in the genus Salmo . However, the studies showed Atlantic salmon forming a distinct cluster with brown trout (Ferguson & Fleming, 1983; Fig.…”

Section: Systematicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure in the Atlantic salmon: insights from 40 years of research into genetic protein variation

Verspoor

Beardmore

Consuegra

et al. 2005

Journal of Fish Biology

101

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Electrophoretic studies of proteins remain a primary source of insight into genetic diversity in many species including the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, one of the most culturally and economically important fish species of the North Atlantic region. Since 1966, >350 scientific papers on protein variation have been published encompassing 25 000þ salmon from over 400 locations in >200 river systems across the species' distribution. Variation has been detected at 30% of the 110 protein loci screened, though most studies examine <40. The method has been applied largely to the investigation of population structure and differentiation, but work has also led to the systematic revision of the genus Salmo and remains the primary source of insight into hybridization in the wild with brown trout Salmo trutta. Spatial patterns of differentiation show temporal stability, both within and among river systems, and strongly support structuring of the species into river and tributary specific populations and the designation of European and North American populations as distinct sub-species. They also show widespread regional differentiation within both continents, beyond the marked subcontinental differences between Baltic Sea and Atlantic Ocean populations in Europe. Most of the differentiation probably reflects gene flow and founder events associated with colonization following the retreat of the glaciers from much of the species' modern range. However, variation at MEP-2* shows strong correlations with environmental temperature, both within and among rivers, and associations with phenotypic performance. This suggests selection is acting on the locus and provides †Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: þ44 (0) 796 472060; fax: þ44 (0) 1796 473523; # 2005 Crown copyright compelling evidence for the local adaptation of populations. Protein studies have led to more population centred management of the species and have been exploited in the discrimination of regional stocks in mixed stock analysis in high seas fisheries, particularly in the Baltic Sea, and as markers for the assessment of stocking success. They have also advanced insight into how the genetic character of populations can be changed in cultivation and the potential impact of salmon aquaculture and stocking on wild populations. The method has been largely superseded by DNA based analyses, but the results remain highly relevant to Atlantic salmon management and conservation and are an irreplaceable data set for studying genetic stability of populations over time. # 2005 Crown copyright

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“…Over the past 20-30 years, the questions of salmonid phylogeny and taxonomy were considered with the use of the methods of genetic analysis, including the analysis of allozyme diversity. However, it should be noted that, with rare exceptions (Utter et al, 1973;Ferguson & Fleming, 1983;Osinov, 1989Osinov, , 1991Oleynik & Polyakova, 1992), most studies on phylogenetic relationships in the Salmonidae based on allozyme data are limited to the species of the same genus (Leary et al, 1983;Loudenslager et al, 1986), using in some cases one species of the other genus as an outgroup (Crane et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetc divergence and phylogeny of the Salmoninae based on allozyme data

Osinov

Lebedev

2000

Journal of Fish Biology

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The data on 31-37 allozyme loci in 21 species of nine salmonid genera are used for phylogenetic analysis by seven distance methods and several variants of cladistic analysis. Monophyletic origin for all genera and three sub-families of the Salmonidae is corroborated. The closest phylogenetic relationships are characteristic of Parasalmo and Oncorhynchus (bootstrap support is 88-99%), Brachymystax and Hucho (68-97%), and the clade (Brachymystax+ Hucho)+Salmo (up to 85%). The patterns of phylogenetic relationships in the group Salmo-Parasalmo-Oncorhynchus are analogous to those in the group Parahucho-Hucho-Brachymystax. The position of Parahucho in phylogenetic trees of the Salmoninae is extremely unstable, although it is most likely associated with the clade ((Brachymystax+Hucho)+Salmo) or Salvelinus. When using the outgroup analysis, Salvelinus appears as the earliest branch of the Salmoninae tree, whereas if the molecular clock is assumed, the basal position is occupied by Oncorhynchus. However, the latter genus is probably characterized by a substantially increased rate of molecular evolution. 2000 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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Genetic Variability and Relationships in Pacific Salmon and Related Trout Based on Protein Variations

Cited by 95 publications

References 20 publications

Morphological and Biochemical Systematics of Australian Freashwater and Estuarine Percichthyid Fishes

Morphological and Biochemical Systematics of Australian Freashwater and Estuarine Percichthyid Fishes

Population structure in the Atlantic salmon: insights from 40 years of research into genetic protein variation

Genetc divergence and phylogeny of the Salmoninae based on allozyme data

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