Genetic Variability in Nuclear DNA in Field Populations of<i>Stagonospora nodorum</i>

McDonald, Bruce A.; Miles, J. W.; Nelson, Lydia; Pettway, R. E.

doi:10.1094/phyto-84-250

Cited by 127 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…Finally, no mutations associated with increased resistance to azoles were found in the old Oregon collection. These mutations were also absent in old collections from Europe 1992-1994, Israel 1992and Australia 2002(Brunner et al, 2008. In contrast, 68% of all new Oregon CYP51 isoforms possessed previously described azole resistance mutations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Flag leaves from fungicide-treated plots, on the other hand, were collected only once, at the same time as the second collections from the control plots. Zymoseptoria tritici isolations were made from infected leaves as described previously (McDonald et al, 1994). Isolates originating from the same plant were excluded from the analyses to avoid the presence of clones.…”

Section: Fungal Isolate Acquisition and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence and early evolution of fungicide resistance in North American populations of Zymoseptoria tritici

et al. 2015

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Although fungicide resistance in crop pathogens is a global threat to food production, surprisingly little is known about the evolutionary processes associated with the emergence and spread of fungicide resistance. Early stages in the evolution of fungicide resistance were evaluated using the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici, taking advantage of an isolate collection spanning 20 years in Oregon, USA, and including two sites with differing intensity of fungicide use. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytb protein conferring single-mutation resistance to QoI fungicides and the nuclear CYP51 gene implicated in multiple-mutation resistance to azole fungicides were analysed. Mutations associated with resistance to both fungicides were absent in the 1992 isolates, but frequent in the 2012 collection, with higher frequencies of resistance alleles found at the field site with more intensive fungicide use. Results suggest that the QoI resistance evolved independently in several lineages, and resulted in significant mitochondrial genome bottlenecks. In contrast, the CYP51 gene showed signatures of diversifying selection and intragenic recombination among three phylogenetic clades. The findings support a recent emergence of resistance to the two fungicide classes in Oregon, facilitated by selection for mutations in the associated resistance genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Fungal Isolate Acquisition and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence and early evolution of fungicide resistance in North American populations of Zymoseptoria tritici

et al. 2015

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“…Recently introduced populations are generally recognized by their low gene diversity in contrast to native populations that typically have very high gene diversity in their natural environment (Gordon et al 1996, McDonald 1997. However, multiple introductions of an organism such as a fungus into a new ecosystem also would result in high gene diversity (Burdon andRoelfs 1985, Burgess et al 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and population diversity ofCeratocystis pirilliformisin South Africa

Nkuekam

Barnes

Wingfield³

et al. 2009

Mycologia

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“…Using R 3.0.2 (R Core Team, 2014), Shapiro-Wilk tests of normality were performed on the data after which Mann-Whitney U tests (W statistic) were used to compare the diversity indices between K. proteae populations from the recently burnt and unburnt areas. Genotypic diversity (G) and the maximum percentage of this diversity (Ĝ) was calculated according to Stoddart & Taylor (1988) and McDonald (1994), respectively. The evenness index (E 5 ) recommended by Grünwald et al (2003) was calculated with POPPR, a package implemented in R (Kamvar et al, 2013;R Core Team, 2014).…”

Section: Genetic Diversity Of the K Proteae Population And Origin Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-distance dispersal and recolonization of a fire-destroyed niche by a mite-associated fungus

et al. 2015

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The Fynbos Biome in the Core Cape Subregion of South Africa is prone to recurrent fires that can clear vast areas of vegetation. Between periods of fire, ophiostomatoid fungi colonize the fruiting structures of serotinous Protea species through arthropod-mediated dispersal. Using microsatellite markers, this study considered the process whereby a Protea-associated ophiostomatoid fungus, Knoxdaviesia proteae, recolonizes a burnt area. The genetic diversity, composition and structure of fungal populations from young P. repens plants in a recently burnt area were compared to populations from the adjacent, unburnt Protea population. The only difference between K. proteae populations from the two areas was found in the number of private alleles, which was significantly higher in the unburnt population. The population structure, although weak, indicated that most K. proteae 1 individuals from recently burnt areas originated from the unburnt population. However, individuals from unsampled source populations were also detected. This, together with the lack of isolation-by-distance across the landscape, suggested that long-distance dispersal is important for K. proteae to recolonize burnt areas. Similarly, the high level of gene flow and low differentiation observed between two distantly separated K. proteae populations also supported the existence of long-distance dispersal. The genetic cohesiveness of populations over long distances and the genetic diversity within populations could be attributed to frequent multiple fungal migration events mediated primarily by arthropods but, potentially, also by birds.

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Genetic Variability in Nuclear DNA in Field Populations ofStagonospora nodorum

Cited by 127 publications

References 0 publications

Emergence and early evolution of fungicide resistance in North American populations of Zymoseptoria tritici

Emergence and early evolution of fungicide resistance in North American populations of Zymoseptoria tritici

Distribution and population diversity ofCeratocystis pirilliformisin South Africa

Long-distance dispersal and recolonization of a fire-destroyed niche by a mite-associated fungus

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