Genetic variation among highly endangered Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell from Southern India as detected using RAPD analysis

Abstract

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting approach was applied to assess genetic diversity in different accessions of rejuvenating and intellect-promoting ancient ayurvedic medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell collected from four Southern Indian states, along with in vitro micropropagated samples maintained in the laboratory for 5 years. With the 10 analyzed primers, 110 distinct bands, in the size range of 250-870 bp were observed, and among which 14 (12.72%) were polymorphic. Among the random primers used, only OPD 02 generated highest percentage of polymorphism with 30.77. Whereas OPD 08 generated a maximum of 18 amplified bands, but with only 1% polymorphism. Cluster analysis done on the basis of similarity co-efficient generated from RAPD profiles indicated all the accessions were divided into two sub-groups based on genetic distances under one major cluster. Major cluster is only the lone loose group of the Bm.2 collected from Kerala (KER) and in vitro micropropagated plant (IVMP) maintained in the lab. The other sub-group consisted of Bm.1 and Bm.3 collected from Tamil Nadu (TN) and Andhra Pradesh (AP) respectively, which are genetically similar and showed similarity with accessions from Karnataka Bm.4 (KK). These two sub-groups were joined together at 0.66 genetic distance level. Overall, the levels of genetic similarity within the accessions varied from 0.24 to 0.80, the matrix ranged from 0.36 to 0.80, with a mean value of 0.68 indicating genetic similarity at low level.

Improved micropropagation of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (Plantaginaceae) and antimicrobial activity of in vitro and ex vitro raised plants against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of urinary tract infecting (UTI) and respiratory tract infecting (RTI) bacteria

“…Due to illegal over-collection of the pharmaceutical companies, it has now been depleted from its natural habitat and recognized as an endangered plant of India [3,18]. In this circumstances, the demand for good quality planting material of this wonder curative herb is increasing dayafter-day, which necessitate the improvement of the existing micropropagation methods for rapid and constant supply of planting materials round the year.…”

Assessment of genetic variations among highly endangered medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri (L.) from Central India using RAPD and ISSR analysis

“…The genetic diversity analysis of Indian B. monnieri accessions using molecular markers is quite scanty. Only two reports are available on the use of RAPD marker for B. monnieri (Darokar et al 2001 ; Karthikeyan et al 2011 ) on the other hand, there is no evidence available for the use of ISSR markers with this species. The ISSR analysis is a very useful molecular tool for studying population genetics on a wide range of plant species, as well as for identifying species, cultivars, or population of the same species (Zietkiewicz et al 1994 ; Raina et al 2001 ; Wang et al 2009 ).…”

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“…The information of genetic similarities and diversity among Brahmi accessions is necessary for their conservation and breeding programs. Genetic variation among different accessions of B. monnieri collected from different locations of Southern India and Central India has been evaluated using RAPD and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) marker systems 85,86 . RAPD analysis showed a low level of genetic diversity in 24 geographically distinct accessions of Bacopa monnieri 87 .…”