Genetic variation at innate and adaptive immune genes – contrasting patterns of differentiation and local adaptation in a wild gull

Minias, Piotr; Podlaszczuk, Patrycja; Indykiewicz, Piotr; Ledwoń, Mateusz; Nowakowski, Jacek J.; Chyb, Amelia; Janiszewski, Tomasz

doi:10.1038/s41437-023-00645-2

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The extreme levels of polymorphism are then maintained by parasite-mediated balancing selection, with MHC allele pools adapted to the local parasite communities (Bernatchez & Landry, 2003; Eizaguirre & Lenz, 2010; Spurgin & Richardson, 2010). Locally distinct allele pools were inferred for a wide range of vertebrates (Cammen et al, 2011; Kyle et al, 2014; Larson et al, 2014; Miller et al, 2010; Minias et al, 2023; Talarico et al, 2019) which tracks divergence of infecting parasite communities (Eizaguirre et al, 2012b; Pavey et al, 2013; Peng et al, 2021; Stutz & Bolnick, 2017). Additionally, specific alleles are associated with resistance or susceptibility to specific parasites (Bonneaud et al, 2006; Eizaguirre et al, 2012a; Peng et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression diversity of cichlid MHC alleles

Bracamonte,

Hablützel,

Lozano-Martín

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Diversification by natural selection is a major source of biodiversity. The selective pressures imposed by parasites on their hosts have the potential to increase diversity at immunologically relevant genes and maintain high polymorphism within and among populations. The immune genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are a hallmark of parasite-mediated selection. These genes frequently show local adaptation to the prevailing parasites. Although associations between parasites and alleles have been identified, they are often imperfect, indicating that parasite-mediated selection goes beyond sequence identity. Here, we explored allele-specific expression of MHC class IIB in cichlid fish and its relationship with sequence diversity. This revealed a few highly abundant alleles with consistently low expression, and many relatively rare alleles with high expression levels that were variable among individuals. Alleles that formed functional supertypes also had similar expression. This suggests that rare alleles may be those responding to parasites and that similar functionality may be provided by different alleles in different individuals. Our results further suggest that there could be an optimal number of MHC alleles per individual and that deviations from this optimum are compensated by adjusting expression levels. The common and lowly expressed alleles may have attained different functions, a patterns that appears to be consistent in Neotropical and African cichlids. Our study shows that MHC expression is highly variable among alleles potentially interacting with parasites, providing an additional substrate for selection. Furthermore, our study exemplifies how combining genetic diversity with detailed expression information can help identifying functionally relevant diversity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression diversity of cichlid MHC alleles

Bracamonte,

Hablützel,

Lozano-Martín

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…This is related to the modern view of the condition of the individual [100,101] linked to the influence of many factors shaping weight, metabolic functions, and individual quality. These are influenced by the quality of food (e.g., [102][103][104][105]), infections (e.g., [87,106]), the presence of parasites (e.g., [107,108]) or potentially pathogenic fungi (e.g., [109]), climate (e.g., [110]), genetic and environmental conditions shaping immune function (e.g., [111,112]), and the adaptation of body mass to prey-predator relationships or migration conditions (e.g., [79,[113][114][115][116]). All of the above factors contribute to condition variation and influence the costs and benefits of fitness [116][117][118].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Management of Grassland on Prey Availability and Physiological Condition of Nestling of Red-Backed Shrike Lanius collurio

Knozowski,

Nowakowski,

Stawicka

et al. 2024

Animals

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The study aimed to determine the influence of grassland management on the potential food base of the red-backed shrike Lanius collurio and the condition of chicks in the population inhabiting semi-natural grasslands in the Narew floodplain. The grassland area was divided into three groups: extensively used meadows, intensively used meadows fertilised with mineral fertilisers, and intensively used meadows fertilised with liquid manure, and selected environmental factors that may influence food availability were determined. Using Barber traps, 1825 samples containing 53,739 arthropods were collected, and the diversity, abundance, and proportion of large arthropods in the samples were analysed depending on the grassland use type. In the bird population, the condition of the chicks was characterised by the BCI (Body Condition Index) and haematological parameters (glucose level, haemoglobin level, haematocrit, and H:L ratio). The diversity of arthropods was highest in extensively used meadows. Still, the mean abundance and proportion of arthropods over 1 cm in length differed significantly for Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Arachne, and Carabidae between grassland use types, with the highest proportion of large arthropods and the highest abundance recorded in manure-fertilised meadows. The highest Body Condition Indexes and blood glucose levels of nestlings indicating good nestling nutrition were recorded in nests of birds associated with extensive land use. The H:L ratio as an indicator of the physiological condition of nestlings was high on manure-fertilised and extensively managed meadows, indicating stress factors associated with these environments. This suggests that consideration should be given to the effects of chemicals, such as pesticides or drug residues, that may come from slurry poured onto fields on the fitness of red-backed shrike chicks.

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Differences between mates at the TLR1Lb locus are associated with lower reproductive success in a long-lived seabird

Gousy-Leblanc,

Merkling,

Colston-Nepali

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Genetic diversity can influence fitness components such as survival and reproductive success. Yet the association between genetic diversity and fitness based on neutral loci is sometime very weak and inconsistent, with relationships varying among taxa due to confounding effects of population demography and life history. Fitness-diversity relationships are likely to be stronger and more consistent for genes known to influence phenotypic traits, such as immunity-related genes, and may also depend on the genetic differences between breeding partners. We recorded breeding success of individuals and breeding pairs over 20 years to evaluate the relationships between reproductive success and both neutral genetic variation (using 7,830 single nucleotide polymorphisms) and functional variation (four toll-like receptor [TLRs] loci) with reproductive success in thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia). Individual genetic diversity (both neutral and functional) was unrelated to reproductive success, but surprisingly, successful multi-year reproductive success decreased with the genetic difference between breeding partners at TLR1Lb. This result may be due to an advantage of specific alleles at TLR1Lb. This study is one of few addressing both individual genetic variation and genetic similarity between mates at both neutral and functional variation in a long-lived bird.

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Genetic variation at innate and adaptive immune genes – contrasting patterns of differentiation and local adaptation in a wild gull

Cited by 3 publications

References 88 publications

Expression diversity of cichlid MHC alleles

Expression diversity of cichlid MHC alleles

Effect of Management of Grassland on Prey Availability and Physiological Condition of Nestling of Red-Backed Shrike Lanius collurio

Differences between mates at the TLR1Lb locus are associated with lower reproductive success in a long-lived seabird

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