Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Indicators to Visualize Molecular Processes in Living Cells

Abstract

Fluorescence imaging could be the most powerful technique available for observing spatial and temporal dynamics of molecular processes in living cells, if fluorescent indicators for the relevant molecular processes become available. Therefore, we have been developing fluorescent indicators for a variety of cellular signaling processes, including second messengers and protein phosphorylation reactions. Using the indicators, we have visualized spatial and temporal dynamics of these molecular events in single living cells. The present fluorescent indicators are becoming an indispensable tool for understanding the complex mechanism of the signal transduction in living cells and for screening pharmaceuticals that inhibit or promote molecular processes in the cell.