Genetically engineered pigs for xenotransplantation: Hopes and challenges

Xi, Jiahui; Zheng, Wei; Chen, Min; Zou, Qingjian; Tang, Chengcheng; Zhou, Xiaoqing

doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.1093534

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Xenotransplantation could broaden access to transplantation, particularly for those at early stages of organ failure, improving outcomes and quality of life ( Sykes and Sachs, 2022 ). The pig, due to its size, availability, breeding characteristics, and physiological likeness to humans, has emerged as the preferred source animal for xenografts ( Xi et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Xenotransplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene editing in small and large animals for translational medicine: a review

Mariano Junior,

Oliveira,

Ambrósio

2024

Anim. Reprod.

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The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a simpler and more versatile method compared to other engineered nucleases such as Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) and Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), and since its discovery, the efficiency of CRISPR-based genome editing has increased to the point that multiple and different types of edits can be made simultaneously. These advances in gene editing have revolutionized biotechnology by enabling precise genome editing with greater simplicity and efficacy than ever before. This tool has been successfully applied to a wide range of animal species, including cattle, pigs, dogs, and other small animals. Engineered nucleases cut the genome at specific target positions, triggering the cell's mechanisms to repair the damage and introduce a mutation to a specific genomic site. This review discusses novel genome-based CRISPR/Cas9 editing tools, methods developed to improve efficiency and specificity, the use of gene-editing on animal models and translational medicine, and the main challenges and limitations of CRISPR-based gene-editing approaches.

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Section: Xenotransplantationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene editing in small and large animals for translational medicine: a review

Mariano Junior,

Oliveira,

Ambrósio

2024

Anim. Reprod.

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“…Public opinion and media influence are pivotal factors in the development of xenotransplantation, influencing the degree of support, funding, and public acceptance. The media’s role in accurately disseminating information and minimizing misconceptions is key to ensuring that public opinion is well-informed and that decisions regarding the future of xenotransplantation are made based on a balanced understanding of the risks and benefits ( 65 ).…”

Section: Public Opinion and Media Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical and legislative advances in xenotransplantation for clinical translation: focusing on cardiac, kidney and islet cell xenotransplantation

Hawthorne

2024

Front. Immunol.

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In this state-of-the-art review we detail the journey of xenotransplantation from its infancy, detailing one of the first published cases and the subsequent journey the field took in its inception and development. With a focus on the science, technological advances, precautions required along with the potential limitations in application, the ethics, guidance’s, and legislative advances that are required to reach the safe and efficacious clinical application of xenotransplantation. Along with a view over the past several decades with the overall significant advancements in pre-clinical study outcomes particularly in islet, kidney, and heart xenotransplantation, to ultimately reach the pinnacle of successful clinical heart and kidney xenotransplants. It outlines the importance for the appropriate guidance’s required to have been developed by experts, scientists, clinicians, and other players who helped develop the field over the past decades. It also touches upon patient advocacy along with perspectives and expectations of patients, along with public opinion and media influence on the understanding and perception of xenotransplantation. It discusses the legislative environment in different jurisdictions which are reviewed in line with current clinical practices. All of which are ultimately based upon the guidance’s developed from a strong long-term collaboration between the International Xenotransplantation Association, the World Health Organisation and The Transplantation Society; each having constantly undertaken consultation and outreach to help develop best practice for clinical xenotransplantation application. These clearly helped forge the legislative frameworks required along with harmonization and standardization of regulations which are detailed here. Also, in relation to the significant advances in the context of initial xeno-kidney trials and the even greater potential for clinical xeno-islet trials to commence we discuss the significant advantages of xenotransplantation and the ultimate benefit to our patients.

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“…Xenotransplantation, the transplant of non-human animal organs into humans, may 1 day play a role in addressing shortages in donor organs and resolving challenges of organ allocation. Due to anatomical and physiological similarities to humans (including organ size), domestic pigs are considered the most appropriate donors for xenotransplantation 5 . Pigs used for xenotransplantation are raised in laboratory settings and genetically modified to reduce the risk of organ rejection following transplant into humans 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to anatomical and physiological similarities to humans (including organ size), domestic pigs are considered the most appropriate donors for xenotransplantation 5 . Pigs used for xenotransplantation are raised in laboratory settings and genetically modified to reduce the risk of organ rejection following transplant into humans 5 . However, despite recent clinical advances, as mentioned below, the science of xenotransplantation is still in its infancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xenotransplantation could either be a friend or foe of healthcare equity

Chisholm-Burns,

Kelly,

Spivey

2024

Commun Med

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There are critical shortages in donor organs available for transplantation in the United States, with some racial and ethnic groups facing disparities in access. Xenotransplantation is currently an experimental approach, but has the promise of significantly increasing organ supply. Here, we discuss inequities in access to transplantation and the potential role of xenotransplantation in alleviating these inequities.

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Genetically engineered pigs for xenotransplantation: Hopes and challenges

Cited by 16 publications

References 90 publications

Gene editing in small and large animals for translational medicine: a review

Gene editing in small and large animals for translational medicine: a review

Ethical and legislative advances in xenotransplantation for clinical translation: focusing on cardiac, kidney and islet cell xenotransplantation

Xenotransplantation could either be a friend or foe of healthcare equity

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