Genetics and Expression Analysis of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Curd Portion of Sicilian Purple to Facilitate Biofortification of Indian Cauliflower

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to know the genetics of purple color of cauliflower curds using a Sicilian purple 'PC-1' and a white curding mid-late group genotype of Indian cauliflower. For this, a cross was attempted between 'DC-466' (white curd) and 'PC-1' (purple curd) and observed intermediate level of purple pigmentation on curds in F 1 plants. Segregation of F 2 population (173) revealed that the purple color of the curd was governed by a single gene dominant over white, but the expression of trait was incomplete. It was substantiated by segregation of plants of BC 1 and F 2:3(intermediate) generations into 1 (white):1(intermediate) and 1(white):2(intermediate):1(intense), respectively. The F 2 , B 1 , and B 2 generations segregated into purple(intermediate to intense): white curding plants in the ratio of 126: 47, 26:24, and 40:0, respectively fitting well with the Mendelian ratio of single gene for purple curds. However, purple pigmentation on curds ranged from very light to intense, which corroborated with the wide range of anthocyanin content in F 2 (3.81-48.21 mg/100 g fw). Out of three molecular markers from high resolution map of Pr gene in purple color cauliflower 'Graffiti', only BoMYB3 marker could distinguish purple and white curding parents but did not show co-segregation while investigated in F 2 population. Expression of BoMYB1 gene was up regulated in both the purple curd genotypes 'PC-1' and 'Graffiti' in comparison to white curded 'DC-466', while BoMYB2 gene was slightly upregulated in 'PC-1' but down regulated in 'Graffiti'. Occurrence of 'broccoli type' F 2 individuals and their genetic stability in F 2:3 support the intermediate position of 'Sicilian purple' between broccoli (Calabrese) and cauliflower. There was not any correlation between curd coloration and pigmentation on apical leaf and stem portion, indicating difference of expression in 'PC-1' than 'Graffiti'. The information obtained is useful for breeding anthocyanin rich attractive purple curding 'specialty cauliflower' for better consumer health and growers' earnings.

Genetics and molecular markers for anthocyanin pigmentation in barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link)

“…The segregation of the F 2 populations fitted to 1:2:1 (purple: medium purple: green) suggesting the existence of monogenic with partial dominance of anthocyanin pigmentation over green in barnyard millet. A similar monogenic with the partial dominant inheritance of anthocyanin pigmentation was earlier reported in the pod colour of cowpea (Sangwan & Lodhi, 1998) and curd colour of cauliflower (Chiu et al, 2010; Singh et al., 2020). In contrast, a single gene with dominant expression was also reported for purple inflorescence of wheat (Copp, 1965; Khlestkina, 2013) and rice (Li et al., 2018) and head of the cabbage (Hayashi et al., 2010).…”

Anthocyanin Pigments: Beyond Aesthetics

“…Anthocyanins are a class of pigment that have been studied extensively for their biogenetics [ 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ]. Prior to the validated studies detailing their many bioactivities, research focused on the various genes in the pathway for the modification and stabilization of colors.…”

The Aegilops ventricosa 2NvS segment in bread wheat: cytology, genomics and breeding

“…The 2N v S segment was also found to possess resistance against nematode diseases (Jahier et al 2001 ; Williamson et al 2013 ) and, more recently, against the wheat blast fungus Magnaporthe oryze Triticum pathotype (MoT), the causal agent of the devastating and emerging wheat blast disease (Cruz et al 2016 ; Cruz and Valent 2017 ). Furthermore, new reports suggest that this fragment is contributing to lodging resistance in bread wheat (Singh et al 2019 ).…”

“…Jagger was an extremely popular variety which was grown in more than 12 nations and planted on over 10 million acres per year for almost a decade in the central USA alone. One possible feature that contributed to its success as a popular winter wheat variety is the 2N v S segment (Fang et al 2011 ) and its associated disease and physiological benefits (Singh et al 2019 ). It is likely that the 2N v S segment is also widely present in global wheat germplasms through germplasm contributions of the CIMMYT spring wheat breeding program, which would have a very a large impact on global wheat production.…”