Genetics of Glioblastoma: A Window into Its Imaging and Histopathologic Variability

Diagnostic delay and prognosis in primary central nervous system lymphoma compared with glioblastoma multiforme

“…In GBM, there is pronounced mass effect and heterogeneous enhancement with centrally non-enhancing region, which typically histologically relate to sections of necrosis; it also produces widespread, surrounding T2-weighted hyperintensity as a result of a combination of vasogenic edema and infiltrating tumor [31]. Neuroimaging techniques continue to evolve over time and now offer the opportunity to provide functional, hemodynamic, metabolic, cellular, microstructural, and genetic information for the assessment of brain tumors [32,33]. Diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and other similar advanced predominately research techniques provide additional insight beyond diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) into the microstructure and integrity of the white matter.…”

The Comparison of 13N-Ammonia and 18F-FDG in the Evaluation of Untreated Gliomas

“…20 In this study, the diagnostic accuracy of 18 F-FDG was in accordance with previous reports with the T/G cutoff ratio of 0.64. 24 In addition, higher regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in high-grade lesions also promises higher initial extraction of 13 N-ammonia. Generally speaking, the trapping of 13 N-ammonia in normal brain tissue constitutes 2 successive steps: at first, 13 N-ammonia crosses the BBB into brain tissue when the net extraction is determined by cerebral blood flow (CBF) and capillary permeability-surface area products (PS); and then it is converted into glutamine and trapped in brain tissue.…”

Simultaneous discovery of bifrontal meningiomas and a glioblastoma multiforme

“…They may be primary, arise de novo or may arise secondary to degeneration by a lower grade astrocytoma. Genetic mutations are most commonly identified in three major cellular pathways in GBMs: the receptor tyrosine kinase/phosphatase and tensin homologue/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cell proliferation pathway; the p53 tumour suppression pathway and the retinoblastoma 1 tumour suppression pathway 3. There is a slight male predominance and death usually occurs between 9 and 12 months 2…”