Genital tuberculosis is common among females with tubal factor infertility: Observational study

eryani, Abdulhakim Ali Al; Abdelrub, Ahmed Saleh; Harazi, Abdelrahman H. Al

doi:10.1016/j.ajme.2014.11.004

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In addition to infertility, GTB has also been shown to be an important risk factor for ectopic pregnancy in developing countries (108, 109). The silent nature of GTB, which often persists without any clinical manifestations, allows development of fulminating infection without detection (110). Early detection and treatment of GTB is vital to improve reproductive outcomes, but unfortunately provides no benefit to reverse tubal damage once the disease is advanced (111).…”

Section: Vaginal Microbiome and Other Potential Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility

Tsevat

Wiesenfeld

Parks

et al. 2017

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

326

229

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Female infertility, including tubal factor infertility, is a major public health concern worldwide. Most cases of tubal factor infertility are attributable to untreated sexually transmitted diseases that ascend along the reproductive tract and are capable of causing tubal inflammation, damage, and scarring. Evidence has consistently demonstrated the effects of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae as pathogenic bacteria involved in reproductive tract morbidities including tubal factor infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease. There is limited evidence in the medical literature that other sexually transmitted organisms, including Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, and other microorganisms within the vaginal microbiome may be important factors involved in the pathology of infertility. Further investigation into the vaginal microbiome and other potential pathogens is necessary in order to identify preventable causes of tubal factor infertility. Improved clinical screening and prevention of ascending infection may provide a solution to the persistent burden of infertility.

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Section: Vaginal Microbiome and Other Potential Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility

Tsevat

Wiesenfeld

Parks

et al. 2017

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

326

229

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“…Repeated invasive measures are required after ATT treatment for proper prognosis for fertility. The conception rate after ATT is only 12.8%, and the outcome of pregnancy could still be a live birth, spontaneous abortion, or ectopic pregnancy (80,81). Furthermore, if patients are considered cured, their chances of pregnancy drop due to the irreversible damage of the fallopian tube and endometrium.…”

Section: Treatment Challenges Of Eptb With An Emphasis On Fgtbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiopathogenesis, Challenges and Remedies Associated With Female Genital Tuberculosis: Potential Role of Nuclear Receptors

Gupta

2020

Front. Immunol.

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Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is recognized mainly as a secondary manifestation of a primary tuberculosis (TB) infection in the lungs contributing to a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. The TB bacilli upon reactivation maneuver from the primary site disseminating to other organs. Diagnosis and treatment of EPTB remains challenging due to the abstruse positioning of the infected organs and the associated invasiveness of sample acquisition as well as misdiagnosis, associated comorbidities, and the inadequacy of biomarkers. Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) represents the most perilous form of EPTB leading to poor uterine receptivity (UR), recurrent implantation failure and infertility in females. Although the number of TB cases is reducing, FGTB cases are not getting enough attention because of a lack of clinical awareness, nonspecific symptoms, and inappropriate diagnostic measures. This review provides an overview for EPTB, particularly FGTB diagnostics and treatment challenges. We emphasize the need for new therapeutics and highlight the need for the exaction of biomarkers as a point of care diagnostic. Nuclear receptors have reported role in maintaining UR, immune modulation, and TB modulation; therefore, we postulate their role as a therapeutic drug target and biomarker that should be explored in FGTB.

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“…Hydrosalpinx and the tubal condition can be graded on laparoscopy and laparotomy as per the type of adhesions, patency of tubes, morphology of tubes and fimbrial stricture for prognostication of fertility 24 25 .…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Female genital tuberculosis

Sharma

et al. 2018

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (rarely Mycobacterium bovis and/or atypical mycobacteria) being usually secondary to TB of the lungs or other organs with infection reaching through haematogenous, lymphatic route or direct spread from abdominal TB. In FGTB, fallopian tubes are affected in 90 per cent women, whereas uterine endometrium is affected in 70 per cent and ovaries in about 25 per cent women. It causes menstrual dysfunction and infertility through the damage of genital organs. Some cases may be asymptomatic. Diagnosis is often made from proper history taking, meticulous clinical examination and judicious use of investigations, especially endometrial aspirate (or biopsy) and endoscopy. Treatment is through multi-drug antitubercular treatment for adequate time period (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol daily for 60 days followed by rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol daily for 120 days). Treatment is given for 18-24 months using the second-line drugs for drug-resistant (DR) cases. With the advent of increased access to rapid diagnostics and newer drugs, the management protocol is moving towards achieving universal drug sensitivity testing and treatment with injection-free regimens containing newer drugs, especially for new and previously treated DR cases.

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Genital tuberculosis is common among females with tubal factor infertility: Observational study

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility

Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility

Etiopathogenesis, Challenges and Remedies Associated With Female Genital Tuberculosis: Potential Role of Nuclear Receptors

Female genital tuberculosis

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