Genome Mining and Comparative Pathogenomic Analysis of An Endemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Clone, ST612-CC8-t1257-SCCmec_IVd(2B), Isolated in South Africa

Amoako, Daniel G.; Somboro, Anou M.; Abia, Akebe Luther King; Allam, Mushal; Ismail, Arshad; Bester, Linda A.; Essack, Sabiha Y.

doi:10.3390/pathogens8040166

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Multiple introductions of ST612 was observed in Western Australia in both human and equine reservoirs [ 47 ]. ST612 was also recently observed in the clone ST612-CC8-t1257-SCCmec_IVd(2B) obtained from the poultry food chain in South Africa [ 48 ]. In addition to the studies mentioned above, the Brazilian/Hungarian clone ST239-III-t037 was commonly found over a 15 year period in a study in China beginning in 1994 [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Diversity of SCCmec elements and spa types in South African Staphylococcus aureus mecA-positive blood culture isolates

et al. 2020

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Background The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus varies depending on the healthcare facility, region and country. To understand its genetic diversity, transmission, dissemination, epidemiology and evolution in a particular geographical location, it is important to understand the similarities and variations in the population being studied. This can be achieved by using various molecular characterisation techniques. This study aimed to provide detailed molecular characterisation of South African mecA-positive S. aureus blood culture isolates by describing the SCCmec types, spa types and to lesser extent, the sequence types obtained from two consecutive national surveillance studies. Methods S. aureus blood culture isolates from a national laboratory-based and enhanced surveillance programme were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using automated systems. A real-time PCR assay confirmed the presence of the methicillin-resistance determinant, mecA. Conventional PCR assays were used to identify the SCCmec type and spa type, which was subsequently analysed using the Ridom StaphType™ software. Multilocus sequence typing was performed on selected isolates using conventional methods. MRSA clones were defined by their sequence type (ST), SCCmec type and spa type. Results A detailed description of findings is reported in this manuscript. SCCmec type III predominated overall followed by type IV. A total of 71 different spa types and 24 novel spa types were observed. Spa type t037 was the most common and predominated throughout followed by t1257. Isolates were multidrug resistant; isolates belonging to all SCCmec types were resistant to most of the antibiotics with the exception of type I; isolates with spa type t045 showed resistance to all antibiotics except vancomycin. The most diverse SCCmec-spa type complex was composed of the SCCmec type IV element and 53 different spa types. Conclusion Although ST data was limited, thereby limiting the number of clones that could be identified, the circulating clones were relatively diverse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Diversity of SCCmec elements and spa types in South African Staphylococcus aureus mecA-positive blood culture isolates

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, tree analyses coupled with metadata insights depicted the diversity among the E. coli isolates with no correlation with their meat sources and sampling areas. The use of visual analytics increases confidence during molecular investigation of pathogens [ 65 , 79 , 80 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Investigation into the Virulome, Pathogenicity, Stress Response Factors, Clonal Lineages, and Phylogenetic Relationship of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Meat Sources in Ghana

Adzitey

Asante

Kumalo

et al. 2020

Genes

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Escherichia coli are among the most common foodborne pathogens associated with infections reported from meat sources. This study investigated the virulome, pathogenicity, stress response factors, clonal lineages, and the phylogenomic relationship of E. coli isolated from different meat sources in Ghana using whole-genome sequencing. Isolates were screened from five meat sources (beef, chevon, guinea fowl, local chicken, and mutton) and five areas (Aboabo, Central market, Nyorni, Victory cinema, and Tishegu) based in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. Following microbial identification, the E. coli strains were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Comparative visualisation analyses showed different DNA synteny of the strains. The isolates consisted of diverse sequence types (STs) with the most common being ST155 (n = 3/14). Based Upon Related Sequence Types (eBURST) analyses of the study sequence types identified four similar clones, five single-locus variants, and two satellite clones (more distantly) with global curated E. coli STs. All the isolates possessed at least one restriction-modification (R-M) and CRISPR defence system. Further analysis revealed conserved stress response mechanisms (detoxification, osmotic, oxidative, and periplasmic stress) in the strains. Estimation of pathogenicity predicted a higher average probability score (Pscore ≈ 0.937), supporting their pathogenic potential to humans. Diverse virulence genes that were clonal-specific were identified. Phylogenomic tree analyses coupled with metadata insights depicted the high genetic diversity of the E. coli isolates with no correlation with their meat sources and areas. The findings of this bioinformatic analyses further our understanding of E. coli in meat sources and are broadly relevant to the design of contamination control strategies in meat retail settings in Ghana.

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“…These virulence determinants were predominantly made up of adherence determinants which aid in the complement-independent attachment to host mammalian cells [32]. H2730R possessed toxins to induce cell membrane damage, trigger cytokine formation, and reduce or kill neutrophils [33]. Interestingly, the strain also harbored the ibeB and pgaC genes, which contribute to invasion, biofilm formation, and adhesion to eukaryotic host cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenomic Analysis of a Novel Extensively Drug-Resistant Citrobacter freundii Isolate Carrying a blaNDM-1 Carbapenemase in South Africa

et al. 2020

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Pathogenomic analysis was performed on a novel carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter freundii isolate (H2730R) from a rectal swab of an adult male patient admitted to a tertiary hospital, Durban, South Africa. H2730R was identified using selective media and API 20e kit. Confirmatory identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using the VITEK II. H2730R was whole-genome sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. H2730R was resistant to all tested antibiotics except tigecycline and was defined as ST498 by the C. freundii multilocus sequence typing (MLST) database. The estimated pathogenic potential predicted a higher probability (Pscore ≈ 0.875), supporting H2730R as a human pathogen. H2730R harbored 25 putative acquired resistance genes, 4 plasmid replicons, 4 intact prophages, a class 1 integron (IntI1), 2 predominant insertion sequences (IS3 and IS5), numerous efflux genes, and virulome. BLASTn analysis of the blaNDM-1 encoding contig (00022) and its flanking sequences revealed the blaNDM-1 was located on a plasmid similar to the multireplicon p18-43_01 plasmid reported for the spread of carbapenem resistance in South Africa. Phylogenomic analysis showed clustering of H2730R with CF003/CF004 strains in the same clade, suggesting a possible association between C. freundii strains/clones. Acquiring the p18-43_01 plasmid containing blaNDM-1, the diversity, and complex resistome, virulome, and mobilome of this pathogen makes its incidence very worrying regarding mobilized resistance. This study presents the background genomic information for future surveillance and tracking of the spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in South Africa.

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Genome Mining and Comparative Pathogenomic Analysis of An Endemic Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Clone, ST612-CC8-t1257-SCCmec_IVd(2B), Isolated in South Africa

Cited by 10 publications

References 111 publications

Diversity of SCCmec elements and spa types in South African Staphylococcus aureus mecA-positive blood culture isolates

Diversity of SCCmec elements and spa types in South African Staphylococcus aureus mecA-positive blood culture isolates

Genomic Investigation into the Virulome, Pathogenicity, Stress Response Factors, Clonal Lineages, and Phylogenetic Relationship of Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Meat Sources in Ghana

Pathogenomic Analysis of a Novel Extensively Drug-Resistant Citrobacter freundii Isolate Carrying a blaNDM-1 Carbapenemase in South Africa

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