Genome Size and Base Composition of Deoxyribonucleic Acid from Eight Human T-Mycoplasmas

Black, F. T.; Christiansen, Claus; Askaa, Gerd

doi:10.1099/00207713-22-4-241

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The calculated genome size of the DNA from these same two T mycoplasmas was 4.7 X 10' and 4.4 X 10' daltons, respectively (2). All eight serotypes of human T mycoplasmas were similarly examined, and the calculated D N A genome size was found to range from 4.1 X lo8 t o 4.8 X lo8 daltons (8). These values were similar to those found in the sterol-requiring classical mycoplasmas.…”

supporting

confidence: 61%

Ureaplasma urealyticum gen. nov., sp. nov.: Proposed Nomenclature for the Human T (T-Strain) Mycoplasmas

Shepard

Lunceford

Ford

et al. 1974

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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The biological properties and special characteristics of the human T mycoplasmas have been reviewed and summarized. The T mycoplasmas are distinguished from all other known mycoplasmas by their production of urease, and, therefore, by their ability to hydrolyze urea. This singular property significantly sets the T mycoplasmas apart from all other members of the order Mycoplasmatales. In consideration of this distinguishing property, it is reasonable to propose establishing a new, separate genus in the family Mycoplasmataceae in which t o classify the T mycoplasmas isolated from man and lower animals. The name Ureaplasma is proposed for this new genus, which at present contains a single human species of at least eight different serotypes. The name Ureaplasma urealyticum is proposed for this new species. The type strain of U. urealyticum is human strain 960-(CX8), serotype VIII (Black); it has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC 27618.T mycoplasmas were first recognized and identified in 1954 in primary agar cultures of urethral exudates from male nongonococcal urethritis patients. They were called "tiny-form PPLO" (pleuropneumonia-like organisms) and "T-form colonies of PPLO" after the minute size, distinctive characteristics, and morphology of their agar colonies. The first published reference to these unusual mycoplasmas was a brief description accompanying two photomicrographs of "T" colonies in a primary agar culture of urethral exudate (53). Subsequent studies confirmed that T mycoplasmas were new, previously undescribed members of the human mycoplasma group. Their distinctive morphology and cultural characteristics were described and illustrated in detail in 1956 (54).The original minute colony size (10 * 5 pm) was the result of nutritionally inadequate culture media of distinctly unfavorable alkaline reaction (pH 7.8 to 8.0) resulting in near threshold performance in supporting growth of T mycoplasmas. Some of the early failures of other investigators t o isolate T mycoplasmas from clinical exudates may also be explained by the incorporation by these investigators of thallium acetate in the medium in accordance with standard classical mycoplasma methodology. This antibacterial agent is almost completely inhibitory t o many strains of T mycoplasmas in primary agar cultures in alkaline media of pH 7.8 t o 8.0. Thallium acetate was never employed in Shepard's laboratory , where only penicillin was incorporated as an antibacterial agent (1,000 U/ml).Prior to 1966, identification of T mycoplasmas in primary cultures was limited exclusively to characteristic minute size, morphology, and staining reaction of agar colonies. The subsequent development of improved agar culture media made identification based upon the above-mentioned criteria less reliable, since T colonies were no longer really "tiny." Identification was especially difficult under conditions of crowding in mixed mycoplasma cultures since classical mycoplasma colonies often completely lost the ability to produce the surface...

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confidence: 61%

Ureaplasma urealyticum gen. nov., sp. nov.: Proposed Nomenclature for the Human T (T-Strain) Mycoplasmas

Shepard

Lunceford

Ford

et al. 1974

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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103

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“…Howard et al (13) reported a DNA G+C content of 27.9 mol% for feline strain 382, and we reported a DNA G+C content of 27.1 mol% for feline serogroup SI strain FT2-BT (= ATCC 49229T) (7); these values are consistent with the range of values (26.9 to 31.6 mol%) reported for all other Ureaplasma species or strains that have been examined (1,13). Thus, the combined morphological, biological, and biochemical data indicate that the seven feline strains belong to the genus Ureaplasma, and the combined antigenic, genomic (DNA homology and DNA cleavage patterns), and SDS-PAGE profiles indicate that the two feline groups are distinct and are unrelated to each other or to the three previously established Ureaplasma species and that each merits species status.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Ureaplasma felinum sp. nov. and Ureaplasma cati sp. nov. Isolated from the Oral Cavities of Cats

Harasawa

Imada

Ito

et al. 1990

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Seven ureaplasma strains isolated from the oral cavities of domestic cats (Felis domestica) were characterized and compared with the type strains of the three previously established species of this genus, Ureaplasma urealyticum (humans), Ureaplasma diversum (cattle), and Ureaphsma gallorule (chickens). The feline strains hydrolyzed urea but not arginine or glucose, were membrane bound, lacked cell walls, passed through 0.45-pm membrane filters, required cholesterol for growth, and formed minute (15-to 140-pm) colonies on agar medium. The seven feline strains fell into two distinct groups based on (i) their antigenic properties (determined by using the metabolism and growth inhibition and indirect immunoperoxidase procedures), (ii) their genomic properties (determined by using DNA-DNA hybridization and DNA cleavage pattern procedures), and (iii) their polypeptide profiles (determined by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses). Based on these properties, the two feline groups were unrelated to each other or to the three previously established species, and each group represents a distinct Ureaplasma species. Thus, we propose that ureaplasmas with these phylogenetic and genomic properties be given taxonomic status as Ureaplasma felinum and Ureaplasma cati, with strain FT2-B (= ATCC 49229 = NCTC 11709) and strain F2 (= ATCC 49228 = NCTC 11710) as the type strains, respectively.The genus Ureaplasma belongs to the family Mycopfasmataceae and is comprised of organisms that hydrolyze urea. Ureaplasmas are widely distributed in nature and colonize most animal species that have been examined, including humans (26, 27), nonhuman primates (39, cattle (12, 34), sheep (22), goats (6), dogs (39, cats (31), mink (3, raccoon dogs (15), pigs (29), and birds (28). They are also responsible for a number of diseases of humans and animals (6, 26). Until now, only three species have been established within the genus. Ureaplasma urealyticum was isolated originally from a patient with nongonococcal urethritis (2), Ureaplasma diversum was isolated from the lungs of cattle with pneumonia (ll), and Ureaplasma gallorale was isolated from the oropharynges of healthy chickens (16). There are at least 14 serovars of U . urealyticum, three serovars of U . diversum, and one serovar of U . gallorale.Ureaplasma strains isolated from domestic cats (Felis domestica) have been reported previously to be unrelated to and distinct from the three previously established species based on their antigenic and genomic properties (7,9,10,17, 19,20). In addition, we have reported that the G+C contents of DNAs from strains which belong to the two species proposed in this paper are 27.9 mol% (13) and 28.1 mol% (7); these contents are within the range of values (26.9 to 31.6 mol%) reported for the previously established species. Based on the data reported previously and in this paper, we believe that each of the two feline ureaplasma groups merits taxonomic classification as a new species, and we report here further characterizati...

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“…The values for the human strains T960 and 58 were 27.4 and 27.5 mol%, respectively. This compares with the values of 27.1 and 28.0 mol% reported by Black et al (3) and is within the range of 26.9 t o 28.0 mol% G+C content they found for for human T-mycoplasmas. These two human strains were included as controls to ensure that our results could be compared with those previously reported for the human strains (3).…”

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confidence: 72%

Base Composition of Deoxyribonucleic Acid from Bovine T-Mycoplasmas

Howard

Gourlay

Garwes

et al. 1974

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Genome Size and Base Composition of Deoxyribonucleic Acid from Eight Human T-Mycoplasmas

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Ureaplasma urealyticum gen. nov., sp. nov.: Proposed Nomenclature for the Human T (T-Strain) Mycoplasmas

Ureaplasma urealyticum gen. nov., sp. nov.: Proposed Nomenclature for the Human T (T-Strain) Mycoplasmas

Ureaplasma felinum sp. nov. and Ureaplasma cati sp. nov. Isolated from the Oral Cavities of Cats

Base Composition of Deoxyribonucleic Acid from Bovine T-Mycoplasmas

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