Background
Drought stress influences the vigor of plant seeds and inhibits seed germination, making it one of the primary environmental factors adversely affecting food security. The seed germination stage is critical to ensuring the growth and productivity of soybeans in soils prone to drought conditions. We here examined the genetic diversity and drought-tolerance phenotypes of 410 accessions of a germplasm diversity panel for soybean and conducted quantitative genetics analyses to identify loci associated with the drought-tolerance of seedlings.
Results
We uncovered significant differences among the diverse genotypes for 4 growth indices and 5 drought-tolerance indices, which revealed abundant variation among genotypes, upon drought stress, and for genotype × treatment effects. We also used 158,327 SNP markers, and performed GWAS for the drought-related traits. Our data met the conditions (PCA + K) for using a mixed linear model in TASSEL, and we thusly identified 26 SNPs associated with drought tolerance indices for germination stage soybean plants. These were distributed across 10 soybean chromosomes, and these explain 5.19–9.66% of the observed phenotypic variation. Nine SNP sites, including for example Gm20_34956219 and Gm20_34956219, were associated with two or more phenotypic indices, and there were nine SNP markers located in or adjacent to (within 500 kb) previously reported drought tolerance QTLs. These SNP led to our identification of 41 candidate genes related to drought tolerance in the germination stage.
Conclusion
The results of our study contribute to a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying drought tolerance in soybeans at the germination stage, thereby providing a molecular basis for identifying useful soybean germplasm for breeding new drought-tolerant varieties.