Genome-Wide Identification and Comparative Analysis of Myosin Gene Family in Four Major Cotton Species

Abstract

<jats:p>Myosin protein as a molecular motor, binding with Actin, plays a significant role in various physiological activities such as cell division, movement, migration, and morphology; however, there are only a few studies on plant Myosin gene family, particularly in cotton. A total of 114 Myosin genes were found in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum. All Myosins could be grouped into six groups, and for each group of these genes, similar gene structures are found. Study of evolution suggested that the whole genome duplications event occurring about 13–20 MYA (millions of years ago) is the key explanation for Myosins expanse in cotton. Cis-element and qPCR analysis revealed that plant hormones such as abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid can control the expression of Myosins. This research provides useful information on the function of Myosin genes in regulating plant growth, production, and fiber elongation for further studies.</jats:p>

Genome-wide comparison and identification of myosin gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana and Helianthus annuus

“…These proteins were split into six subgroups by the phylogenetic tree, indicating great divergence between these members. Various researchers supported our results in other crops such as Nicotiana tobacco ( Amari et al., 2014 ) and Gossypium hirsutum ( Ma et al., 2020 ). Motif analysis showed that most of the motifs were preserved in a group, suggesting that these motifs were of similar evolutionary origin.…”

“…Bioinformatics tools are also helpful to discover the interaction among macromolecules, distribution of protein properties, their biological functions ( Ahmad et al., 2020 ) and identification of new capable compounds ( Azeem et al., 2018 ). Myosin proteins belong to a superfamily of molecular motors that binds and hydrolyzes ATP to generate the force and movement along actin filaments ( Bechtel and Bollhagen, 2021 ; Ma et al., 2020 ). This force is necessary to drive various cellular functions, cell movement, muscular contraction, cytokinesis, membrane trafficking and signal transduction ( Steffens et al., 2014 ).…”

“…The first two families play a role as motors on microtubule filaments, while myosin works on actin filaments ( Nebenführ and Dixit, 2018a ). Plants possess two unique myosin groups, i.e., myosin proteins of class VIII and XI ( Ma et al., 2020 ). Myosin proteins of class VIII are known as slow motor proteins, whereas myosin proteins of XI are the fastest motor proteins.…”

“…Improved breeding for cytoplasmic streaming and characterization of molecular motor proteins may be useful to enhance sunflower production to meet the cooking oil demand of the globe. Myosin proteins have been identified and characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana , Gossypium hirsutism, Zea maize , and Glycine max ( Ma et al., 2020 ; Olatunji and Kelley, 2020 ; Wang et al., 2013 ). Since the release of H. annuus genome, the myosin gene family has not yet characterized in this specie.…”