Genome-wide identification and expression profile ofGhGRFgene family inGossypium hirsutum L.

Abstract

Background Cotton is the primary source of renewable natural fiber in the textile industry and an important biodiesel crop. Growth regulating factors (GRFs) are involved in regulating plant growth and development. Methods Using genome-wide analysis, we identified 35 GRF genes in Gossypium hirsutum. Results Chromosomal location information revealed an uneven distribution of GhGRF genes, with maximum genes on chromosomes A02, A05, and A12 from the At sub-genome and their corresponding D05 and D12 from the Dt sub-genome. In the phylogenetic tree, 35 GRF genes were divided into five groups, including G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5. The majority of GhGRF genes have two to three introns and three to four exons, and their deduced proteins contained conserved QLQ and WRC domains in the N-terminal end of GRFs in Arabidopsis and rice. Sequence logos revealed that GRF genes were highly conserved during the long-term evolutionary process. The CDS of the GhGRF gene can complement MiRNA396a. Moreover, most GhGRF genes transcripts developed high levels of ovules and fibers. Analyses of promoter cis-elements and expression patterns indicated that GhGRF genes play an essential role in regulating plant growth and development by coordinating the internal and external environment and multiple hormone signaling pathways. Our analysis indicated that GhGRFs are ideal target genes with significant potential for improving the molecular structure of cotton.

ALKBH5‐mediated m6A demethylation of pri‐miR‐199a‐5p exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating TRAF3‐mediated pyroptosis

“…[ 40 ] ALKBH5 has been widely investigated as a crucial molecule in diverse diseases, including MI/RI, cerebral I/RI and renal I/RI. [ 17,41,42 ] For instance, renal ALKBH5 expression in mice was abnormally elevated by I/R induction, and knockdown of ALKBH5 alleviated I/R‐stimulated renal injury. [ 17 ] In addition, in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) caused by I/RI, ALKBH5 was found to aggravate myocardial injury by mediating metabolic reprogramming, while targeted ferritin nanocages carrying the ALKBH5 inhibitor alleviated AMI injury.…”

“…For instance, Liangliang Liu et al suggested that ALKBH5 expression was decreased in mice with MI/R and that ALKBH5 overexpression ameliorated H/R‐induced cardiomyocyte injury. [ 41 ] There were multiple reasons for the opposite results. For example, the insufficient sample size of the experiments and the individual differences among the animals may have resulted in different results.…”

Growth‐regulating factors: conserved and divergent roles in plant growth and development and potential value for crop improvement

“…Moreover, GRFs are regulated by microRNA396 ( miR396 ). GRFs have been identified in different plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana , rice ( Oryza sativa ), maize ( Zea mays ), soybean ( Glycine max ), potato ( Solanum tuberosum ), oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ), moss ( Physcomitrella patens ), and other land plants (Filiz et al., 2014; Fonini et al., 2020; Hu et al., 2015; Kim, 2019; Kim et al., 2012; Kuijt et al., 2014; Li et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2012; Liu, Kabir, et al., 2022; Osnato et al., 2010; Shi et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2008; Zhou et al., 2018). In crop plants, GRFs control important agronomic traits, including grain size, grain number, plant height, panicle length and number, leaf angle, branch and spikelet number, grain shape, and seed shattering.…”

Comparatively Evolution and Expression Analysis of GRF Transcription Factor Genes in Seven Plant Species

“…In addition, ZmGRF4 and ZmGRF13 are significantly induced by heat, salt and drought stresses, indicating that ZmGRF genes may act critical functions in response to these abiotic stresses in maize [25]. The expression levels of GhGRF1a-At and GhGRF9b-Dt are decreased under the exposure of cold and polyethylene glycol (PEG) stresses, while are increased after the heat and salt stresses, suggesting that GRF genes in cotton play different roles in response to various abiotic stresses [26]. In cassava, the MeGRF4 is proved to be responsive to low temperature and salt stresses [27].…”