Genome-wide survey and expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) in grass Brachypodium distachyon

Abstract

Background: Ca 2+ played as a ubiquitous secondary messenger involved in plant growth, development, and responses to various environmental stimuli. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK) were important Ca 2+ sensors, which could directly translate Ca 2+ signals into downstream phosphorylation signals. Considering the importance of CDPKs as Ca 2+ effectors for regulation of plant stress tolerance and few studies on Brachypodium distachyon were available, it was of interest for us to isolate CDPKs from B. distachyon. Results: A systemic analysis of 30 CDPK family genes in B. distachyon was performed. Results showed that all BdCDPK family members contained conserved catalytic Ser/Thr protein kinase domain, autoinhibitory domain, and EF-hand domain, and a variable N-terminal domain, could be divided into four subgroup (I-IV), based upon sequence homology. Most BdCDPKs had four EF-hands, in which EF2 and EF4 revealed high variability and strong divergence from EF-hand in AtCDPKs. Synteny results indicated that large number of syntenic relationship events existed between rice and B. distachyon, implying their high conservation. Expression profiles indicated that most of BdCDPK genes were involved in phytohormones signal transduction pathways and regulated physiological process in responding to multiple environmental stresses. Moreover, the co-expression network implied that BdCDPKs might be both the activator and the repressor involved in WRKY transcription factors or MAPK cascade genes mediated stress response processes, base on their complex regulatory network. Conclusions: BdCDPKs might play multiple function in WRKY or MAPK mediated abiotic stresses response and phytohormone signaling transduction in B. distachyon. Our genomics analysis of BdCDPKs could provide fundamental information for further investigation the functions of CDPKs in integrating Ca 2+ signalling pathways in response to environments stresses in B. distachyon.

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals evolutionary divergence and shared network of cold and salt stress response in diploid D-genome cotton

“…The homolog of Gorai.010G168400 in Arabidopsis, encoding AtOSCA3.1 protein, acts as a hyperosmolarity-gated non-selective cation channel that permeates Ca 2+ ions [31]. And Gorai.010G168400, showed a higher expression level under salt and cold stress compared to control groups, was a potential sensor that mediates cold and salt stress in cotton, and calcium ion plays an important role in abiotic stress response as the second messenger [32].…”

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals evolutionary divergence and shared network of cold and salt stress response in diploid D-genome cotton

“…The homolog of Gorai.010G168400 in Arabidopsis, encoding AtOSCA3.1 protein, play a role in the hyperosmolarity-gated non-selective cation channel that permeates Ca 2+ ions [31]. And Gorai.010G168400, showed a higher expression level under salt and cold stress compared to control groups, was a potential sensor that mediates cold and salt stress in cotton, and calcium ion acts as the second messengers in response to abiotic stress [32]. Gorai.009G294400, encoding CBL-interacting protein kinase 18, which involved in Ca 2+ signal transduction, was also found that different express under cold and salt stress.…”

Functional characterization and regulatory mechanism of wheat CPK34 kinase in response to drought stress

“…During the wheat grain filling period (from 22 April to 31 May) in 2015, our lab performed a quantitative proteomics to characterize the genome-scale grain protein expression profiles of the bread wheat cultivar Zhoumai 18 at different grain filling stages (5,10,15,20,25,30, and 35 days after anthesis) under field conditions [17]. During the late stages of wheat grain filling period (from 6 to 31 May, 2015, corresponding to 15~35 days after anthesis), there was only 25.5 mm rainfall, which was enough for wheat growth and caused drought stress in this growth season (Table S1).…”

“…2), suggesting that they could have similar mechanisms. AtCPK10 has been found to interact with HSP1 and participate the drought tolerance through the modulation of ABA-and Ca 2+ -mediated stomatal movements [10]. OsCPK4 enhances the drought tolerance through reducing membrane lipid peroxidation in rice, possibly by upregulating a number of genes associated with the lipid metabolism [36].…”

“…The numbers within this kinase family vary among different plant species [ 7 ]. For instance, 34, 31, 30, and 20 CPKs have been identified members in Arabidopsis thaliana , rice, Brachypodium distachyon , and bread wheat, respectively [ 8 – 10 ]. Different CPK members could have differential roles in response to environmental stresses and even within the same stress.…”