Genomic analysis of ABO chimeras and mosaicsusing hematopoietic colony‐derived DNA

Abstract

The subjects without MDS had two distinct hematopoietic cell lineages that led to their ABO chimeric status. The subject with MDS was assumed to have an ABO mosaicism caused by the somatic deletion of the ABO gene in the hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Scientific and forensic standards for homologous blood transfusion anti-doping analyses

“…Indeed, over 500 million different blood tests were carried out over 50 years for different purposes (maternity, blood donations or surgery) and fewer than 500 chimera have been discovered [9,10,13,14,16,17]. Because a chimera is a very rare event [47], it is not the duty of anti-doping laboratories to conduct DNA analyses to demonstrate that a positively tested athlete is in reality a natural chimera.…”

Hematopoietic mixed chimerism after allogeneic BMT

“…We also applied molecular methods to study the blood group and the DNA polymorphisms of peripheral blood and marrow (see Table 1). The sixth and seventh exons of the ABO gene were amplified and sequenced with specific primers 2 . The result of sequence‐based typing of the blood group was ABO * 0101 , 0201 , and it was confirmed that granulopoiesis came from the donor.…”

Blood doping in athletes—Detection of allogeneic blood transfusions by flow cytofluorometry

“…Use nonagglutinating (IgG) antibodies Chemically convert agglutinating IgM pentamers into nonagglutinating IgM monomers, e.g., using dithiothreitol [48,57] or 2-mercaptoethanol Purify IgG fractions of sera on Protein G [49] Dilute antisera past point of agglutination Avoid use of potentiators Chemically fix the RBCs prior to incubation with anti-A, -B, -M, or -N, e.g., with dimethylsuberimidate [74], formaldehyde [47,75], or glutaraldehyde [13,21,44,49] To avoid agglutination caused by secondary antibody:…”

“…The analysis of mixed RBC populations occurring as a result of hematopoietic chimerism in twins [42][43][44][45][46] and in bone marrow transplant recipients [47][48][49][50][51][52] is easily performed by flow cytometry. This technique has also been used in studies of individuals with blood group mosaicism [26,[53][54][55].…”

“…Formaldehyde [47,75] is a satisfactory fixative for the A, B, M, and N antigens though rather tedious (a two-day, three-step process) and causes some hemolysis. Fixation with glutaraldehyde [13,21,44,49] is rapid and nonhemolytic, and although the A, B, and M blood groups are not destroyed, the N antigen is sensitive (A. Guest, Personal communication, IBGRL, Bristol).…”