Genomic approach for conservation and the sustainable management of endangered species of the Amazon

Abstract

A broad panel of potentially amplifiable microsatellite loci and a multiplex system were developed for the Amazonian symbol fish species Arapaima gigas, which is currently in high danger of extinction due to the disorderly fishing exploitation. Several factors have contributed to the increase of this threat, among which we highlight the lack of genetic information about the structure and taxonomic status of the species, as well as the lack of accurate tools for evaluation of the effectivity of current management programs. Based on Arapaima gigas’ whole genome, available at the NCBI database (ID: 12404), a total of 95,098 unique perfect microsatellites were identified, including their proposed primers. From this panel, a multiplex system containing 12 tetranucleotide microsatellite markers was validated. These tools are valuable for research in as many areas as bioinformatics, ecology, genetics, evolution and comparative studies, since they are able to provide more accurate information for fishing management, conservation of wild populations and genetic management of aquaculture.

Identification Skills Fish Diversity and Potential Use of Genome Data

“…Various research has been done to make it easy to identify biodiversity. Identify species automatically using a presented image with niche ecology (Lin et al, 2021 ), identification in a manner genome in a manner bioinformatics (Gomes et al, 2021). It was viewed from different results of research that has been done.…”

“…The mitogenome provides primary data (distribution geography, and study of phylogenetic species) (Kim et al, 2022), level of evolution molecular, ecological, especially endemic and threatened fish extinct (Kwak et al, 2020;Xiong et al, 2021). Identification of genomes is helpful in bioinformatics, ecology, genetics, evolution, and comparative studies because they can give more accurate information for managing fishing, conservation of wild populations, and management genetics (Gomes et al, 2021).…”

Novel Microsatellite Markers Used for Determining Genetic Diversity and Tracing of Wild and Farmed Populations of the Amazonian Giant Fish Arapaima gigas

“…Unfortunately, since 1975 A. gigas has been on the IUCN list of endangered species, within the “data deficient” category, meaning there is a lack of data to assess its population status. Thus, tools such as the multiplex microsatellite panel described by [ 13 ] are critical for obtaining genetic data and trade monitoring. In the present study, this panel was applied in the analysis of wild and farmed populations of the A. gigas , being efficient in answering questions on genetic diversity and tracing.…”

“…Twelve microsatellite loci were analyzed (Agig13519, Agig50571, Agig58115, Agig08356, Agig67103, Agig93614, Agig33291, Agig90836, Agig05001, Agig70664, Agig08912, and Agig06409), developed and selected as the most polymorphic loci for A. gigas by [ 13 ], and these loci were mixed in a multiplex-PCR system.…”

“…The multiplex PCR was run in a final volume of 9.5 µL, using a 5.0 µL 2X Qiagen Multiplex PCR Master Mix (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), 1.0 µL of Q-Solution (Qiagen), 2.0 µL of H2O, 0.5 µL of primer mix, and 1.0 µL of genomic DNA, described by [ 13 ]. Amplification reactions were performed in a Veriti thermocycler (Applied Biosystems, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States).…”