Genomic approach in evaluating the role of androgens on the growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) previtellogenic oocytes

Kortner, Trond M.; Rocha, Eduardo; Silva, Paula; Castro, L. Filipe C.; Arukwe, Augustine

doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2008.04.001

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Primordial germ cells, in the text. Miura et al, 2007) and primary growth of ovarian follicles (Kortner et al, 2008(Kortner et al, , 2009Forsgren and Young, 2012). In addition to steroids, numerous growth factors are suspected to be involved in regulating these early steps in oogenesis, based largely on changes in mRNA abundance; their precise roles have not been defined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimentally, androgens promote primary follicle growth (and potentially the transition from primary to pre-vitellogenic secondary growth; Figure 4). In cod, in vitro and in vivo androgen treatment promoted primary follicle development (Kortner et al, 2008(Kortner et al, , 2009, but because the cod ovary contains a mixed population of primary follicles, the stage(s) affected were not specified. Increased transcript levels for one of the vitelline/egg envelope proteins, zona pellucida A domain-containing protein, was one of the main treatment effects (Kortner et al, 2009).…”

Section: Primary Ovarian Follicle Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal investment in fish oocytes and eggs: The molecular cargo and its contributions to fertility and early development

et al. 2017

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The production of fertile eggs with the capacity to develop into larvae and subsequently into marketable fish is centrally important to the aquaculture industry. This entails not only the programmed production of large numbers of eggs, but also high quality eggs with the potential to support normal development and high survival of offspring to juvenile and later stages of development and growth. Numerous studies highlight the maternal contributions to the development of embryos, including transcripts that regulate cell division and determine oocyte polarity, pattern development during early and late embryonic stages and the transition from maternal to zygotic gene expression and translation. Since most fish embryos develop independently within an enclosed egg envelope, they rely on compounds deposited within the oocytes during their various stages of development. In addition to regulatory nucleic acids (maternal DNA and RNA), these include proteins and other compounds that contribute to the structure and function of the egg envelope and the bulk molecular cargo that will be used as a source of cellular energy and structural components for formation of embryos and larvae. These latter components notably include yolk lipids and proteins deposited during oocyte growth and water acquired at the same time and during cytoplasmic maturation. In this review we highlight recent advances made in revealing the transcripts deposited within the oocyte that contribute to the structural and morphological development of the embryo, and to the regulation of gene expression and translation during oocyte development. Significant advances have been made in revealing the molecular mechanisms of lipid accumulation and metabolism within the oocyte, the intricacies of yolk protein formation via endocytosis of multiple yolk precursor proteins by multiple oocyte receptors, and the complex machinery supporting massive accumulation of water by maturing oocytes of many species. Additionally, many advances have been made in our understanding of the endocrine regulation of all of these processes during oogenesis. We provide here an overview of recent advances in our knowledge on these various aspects of oogenesis and identify several gaps in our knowledge for future studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Primary Ovarian Follicle Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal investment in fish oocytes and eggs: The molecular cargo and its contributions to fertility and early development

et al. 2017

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“…A small, but significant increase in 11‐KT was seen in P. virens during the transition from previtellogenic to early vitellogenic oocytes between October and November. In G. morhua , high doses of 11‐KT stimulate primary oocyte growth and expression of ovarian genes associated with steroidogenesis and growth (Kortner et al ., , ). The effect of 11‐KT at physiologically relevant concentrations in G. morhua , however, is still unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timecourse of oocyte development in saithe Pollachius virens

Skjæraasen

Devine

Godiksen

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Biology

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Wild caught North Sea saithe Pollachius virens were monitored for growth, sex steroid profiles and oocyte development pre-spawning and measured for egg size and group fecundity during the spawning season in the laboratory. Vitellogenesis commenced in late October-early November, at a leading cohort size (C ) of c. 250 µm, after which oocytes grew rapidly in size until spawning started in February. Notably, a distinct cortical alveoli stage was virtually absent with yolk granules observed in developing oocytes at the very beginning of vitellogenesis. Little atresia was observed pre-spawning, but atretic re-absorption of remnant oocytes containing yolk granules was found in all females immediately post-spawning. As expected, concentrations of sex steroids, oestradiol-17β (females), testosterone (both sexes) and 11-ketotestosterone (both sexes), increased pre-spawning before dropping post-spawning. The present experiment provides the first validation of sex steroid levels in P. virens. Post-ovulatory follicles were visible in histological sections from female gonads 9-11 months post-spawning, but then disappeared. Spawning commenced around a C of c. 750 µm (700-800 µm). Hydrated oocytes (eggs) measured between 1·04 and 1·31 mm (mean = 1·18 mm) with decreasing sizes towards the end of spawning. The average estimated realized fecundity was c. 0·84 million eggs (median female total length, L = 60 cm). Spawning lasted from 13 February to 29 March.

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“…Androgens also might be involved in directing oocyte development in female fish, as shown for ZP transcription and oocyte growth in Atlantic cod (Kortner et al, 2009a;Kortner et al, 2009b;Kortner et al, 2008). Effects of hypercapnic exposure observed in the present study may therefore affect processes, such as sex differentiation, accelerate the onset of puberty in juvenile fish or, at later developmental stages, interfere with normal gametogenesis.…”

Section: Possible Consequences On Reproduction and Overt Physiologymentioning

confidence: 90%

Effects of elevated dissolved carbon dioxide and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, given singly and in combination, on steroidogenic and biotransformation pathways of Atlantic cod

et al. 2014

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In the aquatic environments, the predicted changes in water temperature, pO2 and pCO2 could result in hypercapnic and hypoxic conditions in aquatic animals. These conditions are thought to affect several basic cellular and physiological mechanisms. Yet, possible adverse effects of elevated CO2 (hypercapnia) on teleost fish, as well as combined effects with emerging and legacy environmental contaminants are poorly investigated. In this study, juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were divided into groups and exposed to three different water bath PFOS exposure regimes (0 (control), 100 and 200 µg/L) for 5 days at 1hr/day, followed by three different CO2-levels (normocapnia, moderate (0.3%) and high (0.9%)). The moderate CO2 level is the predicted near future (within year 2300) level, while 0.9% represent severe hypercapnia. Tissue samples were collected at 3, 6 and 9 days after initiated CO2 exposure. Effects on the endocrine and biotransformation systems were examined by analyzing levels of sex steroid hormones (E2, T, 11-KT) and transcript expression of estrogen responsive genes (ERα, Vtg-α, Vtg-β, ZP2 and ZP3). In addition, transcripts for xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (cyp1a and cyp3a) and hypoxiainducible factor (HIF-1α) were analyzed. Hypercapnia alone produced increased levels of sex steroid hormones (E2, T, 11-KT) with concomitant increase of estrogen responsive genes, while PFOS produced weak and time-dependent effects on E2-inducible gene transcription. Combined PFOS and hypercapnia exposure produced increased effects on sex steroid levels as observed for hypercapnia alone, with transcript expression patterns that are indicative of time-dependent interactive effects. Exposure to hypercapnia singly or in combination with PFOS produced modulations of the biotransformation and hypoxic responses that were apparently concentration and time-dependent. Loading plots of principal component analysis (PCA) produced a significant grouping of individual scores according to the exposure scenarios at day 6 and 9. Overall, the PCA analysis produced a unique clustering of variables that signifies a positive correlation between exposure to high PFOS concentration and expression of E2 responsive genes. Notably, this pattern was not evident for individuals exposed to PFOS concentrations in combination with elevated CO2 scenarios. To our knowledge, the present study is the first of its kind, to evaluate such effects using combined exposure to a perfluoroalkyl sulfonate and elevated levels of CO2 saturation, representative of future oceanic climate change, in any fish species or lower vertebrate.

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Genomic approach in evaluating the role of androgens on the growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) previtellogenic oocytes

Cited by 24 publications

References 86 publications

Maternal investment in fish oocytes and eggs: The molecular cargo and its contributions to fertility and early development

Maternal investment in fish oocytes and eggs: The molecular cargo and its contributions to fertility and early development

Timecourse of oocyte development in saithe Pollachius virens

Effects of elevated dissolved carbon dioxide and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, given singly and in combination, on steroidogenic and biotransformation pathways of Atlantic cod

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