Genomic Approach to Understand the Association of DNA Repair with Longevity and Healthy Aging Using Genomic Databases of Oldest‐Old Population

Abstract

Aged population is increasing worldwide due to the aging process that is inevitable. Accordingly, longevity and healthy aging have been spotlighted to promote social contribution of aged population. Many studies in the past few decades have reported the process of aging and longevity, emphasizing the importance of maintaining genomic stability in exceptionally long-lived population. Underlying reason of longevity remains unclear due to its complexity involving multiple factors. With advances in sequencing technology and human genome-associated approaches, studies based on population-based genomic studies are increasing. In this review, we summarize recent longevity and healthy aging studies of human population focusing on DNA repair as a major factor in maintaining genome integrity. To keep pace with recent growth in genomic research, aging- and longevity-associated genomic databases are also briefly introduced. To suggest novel approaches to investigate longevity-associated genetic variants related to DNA repair using genomic databases, gene set analysis was conducted, focusing on DNA repair- and longevity-associated genes. Their biological networks were additionally analyzed to grasp major factors containing genetic variants of human longevity and healthy aging in DNA repair mechanisms. In summary, this review emphasizes DNA repair activity in human longevity and suggests approach to conduct DNA repair-associated genomic study on human healthy aging.

How Important Are Genes to Achieve Longevity?

“…Accordingly, several years ago Vijg and Suh suggested that longevity might be related to genomic integrity. The relatively low level of chromosomal aberrations observed in older persons should be a consequence of their genomic stability, and hence, a contributing factor to their attainment of advanced age [ 65 ]. The evidence for this is largely based on accelerated aging phenotypes of DNA repair in mice mutants and human progeroid syndromes [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Nurturing longevity through natural compounds: Where do we stand, and where do we go?

“…Additionally, studies conducted on centenarians and long-lived species highlight that genome stability and proper DNA repair mechanisms are essential for achieving a prolonged lifespan (Keane et al, 2015;Y. J. Kim et al, 2018;Simon et al, 2022;.…”

“…In this context, genomic instability is considered a primary feature of aging that subsequently affects a cascade of age‐associated imbalances related to the epigenome, cellular senescence, stem cells, and telomeres (Schumacher et al., 2021). Additionally, studies conducted on centenarians and long‐lived species highlight that genome stability and proper DNA repair mechanisms are essential for achieving a prolonged lifespan (Keane et al., 2015; Y. J. Kim et al., 2018; Simon et al., 2022; X. Tian et al., 2019).…”

Metabolomics and Proteomics Approach: Combinatorial Impact of Bioactive Medicinal Plants Based Compounds and Metabolites Affecting Ageing

“…For the quantification, metabolites or proteins can be determined through control diseases individual's samples. In this analysis, the blood samples are very much potent as obsolete biomarkers for age-related disorders [10,11]. In several reports it was noted that due to progression of age, disorders like cancer, stroke, cardiovascular diseases etc., are impede in the aged individuals as compared to the younger individuals [9].…”