Genomic organization, expression and evolution of porcine <i>CRSP1, 2, </i>and<i>3</i>

Abstract

Recently we identified and characterized porcine calcitonin receptor-stimulating peptide (CRSP) 1, CRSP2 and CRSP3 as members of the calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CT/CGRP) family. In the present study, the genomic sequences and organization of CRSP1, 2, and 3 were determined, and the expression of the genes in the porcine brain was investigated using in situ hybridization. Analysis of 5′-upstream regions of the three CRSPs demonstrated that CRSP1 and CRSP2 have almost identical sequences (>98% similarity) and high sequence similarities including functional transcription binding sites with the corresponding region of human CALCA (CT/αCGRP), whereas CRSP3 retains less similarity with the above genes. RH mapping of CRSPs demonstrated that they resided in a region of swine chromosome 2 (SSC2). The arrangement of the genes in the region was found to be conserved in corresponding human and mouse regions. In situ hybridization demonstrated sense transcripts of the three genes in cerebrum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, pons/midbrain, and thalamus of 3-month-old pigs, and CRSP2 sense transcripts additionally in tractus opticus. The sense transcripts of αCGRP and CALCB (βCGRP) were detected in cerebrum, hippocampus, and pons/midbrain of newborn mice, and to a lesser extent in pons/midbrain of 8-week-old mice. These results taken together with the chromosomal conservation and phylogenetic clustering of CT/CGRP family indicate that CRSP1, 2, and 3 may be functionally different from αCGRP and βCGRP, though they are indicated to have a common progenitor gene.

First survey and functional annotation of prohormone and convertase genes in the pig

“…The bioinformatics gene prediction pipeline confirmed that the separate Q766Y6 and A0A761 UniProt entries are alternatively spliced variants of the same calcitonin receptor-stimulating peptide 3 ( CRSP3 ) gene as initially reported by Rezaeian et al [23]. A single genome match was identified for calcitonin receptor-stimulating peptide 2 ( CRSP2 , Q766Y7).…”

The Calcitonin/Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Family in Invertebrate Deuterostomes

“…On the other hand, in the tetrapods lineage, CGRP gene of proto-chromosome E would tandemly duplicate and form new CGRP β gene (Figure 3 ). CRSP gene exists in the proximity of CGRP α gene on the same chromosome in the pig, horse, and dog ( 7 , 73 , 74 ). Dog CRSP gene resembles CGRP α gene in terms of generating CT mRNA by alternative splicing ( 73 ).…”