Genomic structure and evolution of the mating type locus in the green seaweed Ulva partita

Yamazaki, T.; Ichihara, Kensuke; Suzuki, Ritsu; Oshima, Koichiro; Miyamura, Shinichi; Kuwano, Kazuyoshi; Toyoda, Atsushi; Suzuki, Yutaka; Sugano, Sumio; Hattori, Masahira; Kawano, Shigeyuki

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11677-0

Cited by 32 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Our genome analyses revealed nine Chloropicon genes encoding putative RWP-RK transcription factors, but none was part of a large indel region or a region exceptionally rich in repeats or polymorphisms (Fig. 3), and sequence alignment of motifs 1 and 2 of these proteins 35 with those present in the Mid proteins of volvocine algae revealed no obvious ortholog of Mid (Supplementary Fig. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A streamlined and predominantly diploid genome in the tiny marine green alga Chloropicon primus

et al. 2019

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Tiny marine green algae issued from two deep branches of the Chlorophyta, the Mamiellophyceae and Chloropicophyceae, dominate different regions of the oceans and play key roles in planktonic communities. Considering that the Mamiellophyceae is the sole lineage of prasinophyte algae that has been intensively investigated, the extent to which these two algal groups differ in their metabolic capacities and cellular processes is currently unknown. To address this gap of knowledge, we investigate here the nuclear genome sequence of a member of the Chloropicophyceae, Chloropicon primus . Among the main biological insights that emerge from this 17.4 Mb genome, we find an unexpected diploid structure for most chromosomes and a propionate detoxification pathway in green algae. Our results support the notion that separate events of genome minimization, which entailed differential losses of genes/pathways, have occurred in the Chloropicophyceae and Mamiellophyceae, suggesting different strategies of adaptation to oceanic environments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A streamlined and predominantly diploid genome in the tiny marine green alga Chloropicon primus

et al. 2019

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“…prolifera MT has previously been described as male or female based on the slight tendency toward anisogamy 11 , we used the term ‘mt − ’ for male and ‘mt + ’ for female, consistent with the usage in a previous study in U . partita 22,27 . Unialgal cultures were established from meiospores, gametes, or zoosporoids using the induction method 38 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although genomic analysis in Ulvophyceae has lagged behind that of other taxa, the genome of Ulva mutabilis has recently been published 21 . Our recent analysis of the Ulva partita genome also revealed a mating-type (MT) locus 22 . The MT locus contains MT-specific genes and gametologs that are shared, but with differentiated sequences, between the two MTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asexual thalli originated from sporophytic thalli via apomeiosis in the green seaweed Ulva

Ichihara

Yamazaki

Miyamura

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Apomixis is an asexual reproduction system without fertilization, which is an important proliferation strategy for plants and algae. Here, we report on the apomeiosis in the green seaweed Ulva prolifera, which has sexual and obligate asexual populations. Genomic PCR of mating type (MT)-locus genes revealed asexual thalli carrying both MT genomes. Observation of the chromosomes during the formation of each type of reproductive cell revealed that cells in asexual thalli performed apomeiosis without chromosome reduction. Moreover, genotyping revealed that laboratory-cultured sporophytic thalli produced not only each type of gametophyte but also diploid thalli carrying the mt− and mt+ genome (mt± thallus strains). The mt± thallus strain released diploid biflagellate zoids, with ultrastructure and behavior similar to mt+ gametes. Additionally, a transcriptomic analysis revealed that some meiosis-related genes (Mei2L and RAD1) were highly expressed in the quadriflagellate zoosporoids. Our results strongly suggest that asexual thalli originally evolved via apomeiosis in sporophytic thalli.

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“…The genomic resources for the Ulvophyceae that could shed light on their independent transition to multicellularity and the evolution of the cyto-morphological diversity are limited to a transcriptomic study of U. linza [16] and a description of the mating-type locus of U. partita [17]. In addition, Ranjan and colleagues [18] studied the distribution of transcripts in the thallus of the siphonal green seaweed Caulerpa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Evolution of Multicellularity from the Sea Lettuce Genome

et al. 2018

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We report here the 98.5 Mbp haploid genome (12,924 protein coding genes) of Ulva mutabilis, a ubiquitous and iconic representative of the Ulvophyceae or green seaweeds. Ulva's rapid and abundant growth makes it a key contributor to coastal biogeochemical cycles; its role in marine sulfur cycles is particularly important because it produces high levels of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the main precursor of volatile dimethyl sulfide (DMS). Rapid growth makes Ulva attractive biomass feedstock but also increasingly a driver of nuisance "green tides." Ulvophytes are key to understanding the evolution of multicellularity in the green lineage, and Ulva morphogenesis is dependent on bacterial signals, making it an important species with which to study cross-kingdom communication. Our sequenced genome informs these aspects of ulvophyte cell biology, physiology, and ecology. Gene family expansions associated with multicellularity are distinct from those of freshwater algae. Candidate genes, including some that arose following horizontal gene transfer from chromalveolates, are present for the transport and metabolism of DMSP. The Ulva genome offers, therefore, new opportunities to understand coastal and marine ecosystems and the fundamental evolution of the green lineage.

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Genomic structure and evolution of the mating type locus in the green seaweed Ulva partita

Cited by 32 publications

References 77 publications

A streamlined and predominantly diploid genome in the tiny marine green alga Chloropicon primus

A streamlined and predominantly diploid genome in the tiny marine green alga Chloropicon primus

Asexual thalli originated from sporophytic thalli via apomeiosis in the green seaweed Ulva

Insights into the Evolution of Multicellularity from the Sea Lettuce Genome

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