Genotype and Media Effects on Callus Formation and Regeneration in Barley¹

Abstract

The success of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cell and tissue culture research depends upon reliable callus culture and plant regeneration procedures. The objective of this study was to identify callus‐inducible genotypes, to evaluate media for effectiveness in promoting callus growth, and to identify genotypes capable of regenerating plants. Ninety‐one barley genotypes were evaluated for initiation and maintenance of callus growth. Forty‐five of the genotypes initiated callus, while 46 did not. Callus cultures were maintained by subculturing onto fresh media at monthly intervals. Genotypic variation was noted for longevity and rate of growth of callus cultures. Calli of several genotypes were maintained for more than 2 years. Murashige and Skoog's (MS) media promoted more callus initiation and provided better callus maintenance than media of Blaydes (B), Gamborg et al. (B5), Norstog (N), and Shenk and Hildebrandt (SH). Frequencies of callus initiation were high when either 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/L of 2,4‐D (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) were added to the media. There were significant genotype ✕ media interactions for callus initiation. Established calli were transferred to differentiation media to promote plant regeneration. Although there were genotypic differences in regeneration, the overall frequency was low (15%). Seventy percent of the regenerated plants were from calli of the cv. Akka and Wisconsin experimental selection X2387‐3.

Improved Callus Quality and Prolonged Regenerability in Model and Recalcitrant Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivars.

“…medium composition [6,[12][13][14][15], levels and types of phytohormones [6,[16][17][18], length of time in culture [18][19][20], embryo size [12,17,21] and cultivar [6,[13][14][15]21,22].…”

Embryogenèse somatique à partir d'embryons immatures de Blé tendre (Triticum aestivumL.): effet génotype

“…Ce phenomene ne se limite pas seulement au Ble tendre ; il a ete observe aussi chez d'autres cereales, avec des degres differents, comme I'Orge (Hanzel et a/., 1985), Ie Riz (Van Sint Janet a/., 1990) et le Ble dur (Bennici eta/., 1988 ;Bouiamrine, 1998).…”

Effect of genotype on in vitro adventitious shoot formation in Pinus radiata and correlations between pairs of phenotypic traits during in vitro shoot development

“…That it may be possible in future to improve shoot production by tailoring physical culture conditions to specific families through slight alterations in the environment is supported by the fact that the family by replication interaction was significant for several in vitro performance traits. Matching different environments to different genotypes within a species to improve tissue culture performance has been reported in several crop plants (Hanzel et al 1985;Duncan & Widholm 1987;Komatsuda et al 1989). However, these examples demonstrate the influence of environmental changes in medium constituents only and not in the physical environment.…”