Genotypic and Chemotypic Diversity of Neotyphodium Endophytes in Tall Fescue from Greece

Takach, Johanna E.; Mittal, Shipra; Swoboda, Ginger A.; Bright, Sherrita K.; Trammell, Michael; Hopkins, A.; Young, Carolyn A.

doi:10.1128/aem.01084-12

Cited by 68 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(107 reference statements)

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“…FaTG-2 hybrid isolates NFe45079 and NFe45115 and the Epichloë sp. FaTG-3 hybrid isolate NFe1100 contained deletions in the regions encoding the A1 and A2 domains of the perA alleles known to be inherited from a Lolium-associated endophyte (LAE) progenitor (18,28). Epichloë cabralii BlaTG-2 isolate NFe661, Epichloë sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epichloë cabralii BlaTG-2 isolate NFe661, Epichloë sp. FaTG-2 G3 isolate NFe45115, and an isolate of Epichloë uncinata E167 have known per Ϫ chemotypes (18,19,29), yet each of these isolates appeared to contain at least one fulllength perA allele (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genomic DNA templates were amplified using GoTaq DNA polymerase (Promega, Madison, WI) under the conditions described by Takach et al (18). PCR products for sequencing were purified using the QIAquick PCR purification kit (Qiagen).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This deletion is associated with the insertion of the miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) designated 3m (17). However, there are many other cases of peramine-negative (per Ϫ ) isolates for which the genetic basis is unknown (18,19).Peramine production is an important trait when considering Disparate independent genetic events disrupt the secondary metabolism gene perA in certain symbiotic Epichloë species. Appl Environ Microbiol…”

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Disparate Independent Genetic Events Disrupt the Secondary Metabolism Gene perA in Certain Symbiotic Epichloë Species

Berry

Takach

Schardl

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Peramine is an insect-feeding deterrent produced by Epichloë species in symbiotic association with C 3 grasses. The perA gene responsible for peramine synthesis encodes a two-module nonribosomal peptide synthetase. Alleles of perA are found in most Epichloë species; however, peramine is not produced by many perA-containing Epichloë isolates. The genetic basis of these peramine-negative chemotypes is often unknown. Using PCR and DNA sequencing, we analyzed the perA genes from 72 Epichloë isolates and identified causative mutations of perA null alleles. We found nonfunctional perA-⌬R* alleles, which contain a transposon-associated deletion of the perA region encoding the C-terminal reductase domain, are widespread within the Epichloë genus and represent a prevalent mutation found in nonhybrid species. Disparate phylogenies of adjacent A2 and T2 domains indicated that the deletion of the reductase domain (R*) likely occurred once and early in the evolution of the genus, and subsequently there have been several recombinations between those domains. A number of novel point, deletion, and insertion mutations responsible for abolishing peramine production in full-length perA alleles were also identified. The regions encoding the first and second adenylation domains (A1 and A2, respectively) were common sites for such mutations. Using this information, a method was developed to predict peramine chemotypes by combining PCR product size polymorphism analysis with sequencing of the perA adenylation domains. Fungal secondary metabolites are a diverse group of important but often nonessential organic compounds with a wide range of properties that are likely to be advantageous for the producing organism or in some cases essential for pathogenicity or developmental stages (1-3). These low-molecular-weight compounds tend to only be produced under certain environmental or growth conditions. The biosynthetic pathways for production of any particular class of secondary metabolites are common to many fungi, but production of a specific secondary metabolite is often unique to a small phylogenetic group of species (4). Epichloë species are fungal endophytes of C 3 grasses that are known to produce several bioactive alkaloids that provide bioprotective properties to the host plant (5). These secondary metabolites include the indolediterpenes, ergot alkaloids, lolines, and peramine ( Fig. 1) (6, 7). The indole-diterpene lolitrem B and ergot alkaloid ergovaline have significant detrimental effects on the health and production of stock animals that graze infected pastures (7,8). The lolines are insecticidal (9), and peramine is a potent deterrent of feeding by insects, including the agriculturally important invertebrate pest Listronotus bonariensis (Argentine stem weevil) (10-12).Peramine synthesis is catalyzed by the two-module nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS), peramine synthetase (PerA), encoded by the 8.3-kb gene perA (12). The first module of PerA contains an adenylation (A1) domain responsible for selection and activation of t...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disparate Independent Genetic Events Disrupt the Secondary Metabolism Gene perA in Certain Symbiotic Epichloë Species

Berry

Takach

Schardl

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Fungal Endophytes of Grasses and Morning Glories, and Their Bioprotective Alkaloids

2014

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Dissection of physiological, transcriptional, and metabolic traits in two tall fescue genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance

Kang

Talukder²,

et al. 2021

Plant Enviro Interactions

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Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is a cool season perennial grass.It is the most widely planted forage crop in the United States and covers almost 14 million ha (Sleper & West, 1996). Genetically it is an allohexaploid (2n = 6× = 42) cross-pollinated species. Tall fescue evolved under a Medditerranean climate of hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters and, thus, performs well in the transitional zone of the United States, which includes a combination of cool/humid, cool/arid, warm/humid and warm/arid geographic zones. Tall fescue generally has better drought tolerance and/or avoidance mechanisms than other cool-season perennial grasses such as ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.

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Genotypic and Chemotypic Diversity of Neotyphodium Endophytes in Tall Fescue from Greece

Cited by 68 publications

References 65 publications

Disparate Independent Genetic Events Disrupt the Secondary Metabolism Gene perA in Certain Symbiotic Epichloë Species

Disparate Independent Genetic Events Disrupt the Secondary Metabolism Gene perA in Certain Symbiotic Epichloë Species

Fungal Endophytes of Grasses and Morning Glories, and Their Bioprotective Alkaloids

Dissection of physiological, transcriptional, and metabolic traits in two tall fescue genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance

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