Genotyping and antimicrobial resistance genes of Yersinia ruckeri isolates from rainbow trout farms

Abstract

In this study, we compared 142 Yersinia ruckeri isolates collected between 2013 and 2016 from 6 different regions in Turkey. A total of 18 different genogroups were found, though most of the isolates clustered into the same genogroup as serotype O1. As immunization of fish with inactivated Y. ruckeri by injection, immersion, or feeding provide minimal protection against Y. ruckeri infection in Turkey, many fish producers use antimicrobials unrestrictedly, resulting in antimicrobial resistance in aquatic pathogens. Accordingly, we investigated resistance to the antimicrobials most commonly used to treat yersiniosis. More than 80% of the Y. ruckeri isolates were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT), florfenicol (FFC), and tetracycline, whereas none were susceptible to sulfamethoxazole. The most commonly used antimicrobials (SXT and FFC) can be effectively administered because the resistance levels to these drugs are the lowest among those reported for agents used to control enteric red mouth disease (12.6 and 14.7%, respectively). In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first characterization of the antimicrobial resistance genes floR, sulI, tetC, tetD, and tetE in Y. ruckeri isolates from aquaculture. Additionally, we detected the sulII gene but not the tetA, tetB, tetM, tetS, or sulIII genes.

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) serotype Sp is prevalent in Turkish rainbow trout farms

“…Histological examination showed necrosis of exocrine pancreatic tissue, and sometimes fat cells had replaced pancreatic cells (data not shown). Flavobacterium psycrophilum was frequently isolated, while Lactococcus garvieae and Yersinia ruckeri (Duman et al., ) were observed less frequently (Table S1).…”

The determination of the infectious status and prevalence of motile Aeromonas species isolated from disease cases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and aquarium fish

“…A. salmonicida (A5) isolated from dorsal lesions of broodstock rainbow trout (3,000 g) was combined with Y. ruckeri and IPNV. Considering that Y. ruckeri has caused disease particularly in 12–15°C water temperatures (Austin & Austin, ; Duman, Altun et al., ), we can speculate that A. salmonicida causes disease in broodstock. Moreover, the A5 isolate is the most distinct phylogroup of all Aeromonas species; hence, this isolate should be used for a detailed genetic analysis.…”

“…( E. cloacae, M. psychrotolerans and Flavobacterium articles in process). (Table ; Büyükekiz et al., ; Duman, Altun et al., ; Duman, Saticioglu et al., ; Duman, Buyukekiz et al., ). In some cases, only A. sobria, A. media, A. bestiarum and A. salmonicida isolates were seen as primary infectious agents in rainbow trout showing dorsal lesions and from water temperatures between 9.5 and 19.1°C.…”

“…In addition to the bacterial sampling procedure, fish were sampled for viral agents by described Buyukekiz et al. The methodologies of identification of bacterial agents other than Aeromonas are given in Duman, Altun et al., ; Duman, Saticioglu, Buyukekiz, Balta, & Altun, and Duman, Buyukekiz et al., . The sampling was carried out following the guidelines for the diagnosis of fish diseases and in consideration of international and national guidelines for animal welfare.…”

Biochemical Differences and Rapid Identification of Yersinia ruckeri and Lactococcus garvieae Isolated from Aquaculture (Akuakültürden İzole Edilen Y. ruckeri ve L. garvieae İzolatlarının Hızlı Teşhisi ve Biyokimyasal Farklılıklarının Belirlenmesi)

“…The recovering of agent from different region revealed that Y. ruckeri has a high spreading potentially between aquaculture. Y. ruckeri isolates were reported as biochemically hetero-genic according to the different isolation source and also determined as four different group by outer membrane protein profiles and isolates have 86,03% similarities between each other (Altınok et al, 2016;Duman et al, 2017a). Altun et al, (2013a) reported that there were many biochemical differences, and also 17 Y. ruckeri isolates were diverged as five genotype by working on phenotypic and biochemical studies.…”