Genotyping and serotyping profiles showed weak Jk^a presentation for previously typed as Jk_null donors

Abstract

Background and Objectives Kidd blood group system consists of two major antigens: Jk a and Jk b . Both the antigens are absent in individuals typed as Jk null and may develop clinically significant anti-Jk3 antibody. Screening donors for provision of Jk null blood is an ongoing task for blood centres with Jk null blood units kept frozen for specific requirements. In 2016, we discovered a previously typed Jk null donor to be Jk a weak positive. Therefore, a study was conducted for our donors to verify Jk null status and to reinforce our typing protocol. Materials and MethodsIn this experiment, donors previously typed and screened as Jk null were tested with four antisera of Jk a and Jk b , and each with gel card for serology testing. Sequence analysis was performed for SLC14A1 gene for the detection of JK null and weak alleles for genetic testing.Results Among the 30 samples, four were serologically identified as Jk(a+ w ) and genotypically identified as heterozygous for the JK*01W.01 allele. The other 26 were confirmed to be Jk null with JK*02N.01 as the most frequent allele. None of JK*B weak alleles were detected, but three were identified as false positives in the tube method. Gel card gave great accuracy for Jk b detection, but failed to give consistent results for weak Jk a .Conclusion By combining the tube method and gel card method in serology, along with complementary genetic testing, the possibility of misinterpreting weak Jk a expression was eliminated, and we were able to provide Jk null blood for safe clinical transfusion.

Degradable piezoelectric biomaterials for wearable and implantable bioelectronics

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A comprehensive characterization of blood group antigen variants in the Middle Eastern population genomes - Insights into genetic epidemiology

“…A weak JK*A allele (JK*01W.01 - rs2298720) of the KIDD blood group system, associated with weakened expression of Jk a is found capable of causing alloimmunization when mistyped serologically as Jk null (44), (45). Distribution of this variant is found to vary highly among various global populations with an allele frequency as high as 40.6% in East Asians, 26.8% in South Asians, 18-19% in Latino/Admixed Americans and African/African Americans, 12% in Europeans of Finnish origin, 10% in Ashkenazi Jews to as low as 7% in Middle Easterners, 6% in Europeans of non-Finnish origins and 3% in Amish population.…”

The efficacy of ethnic specific blood groups genotyping for routine donor investigation and rare donor identification in Taiwan

“…Null or weak alleles of JK*01 or JK*02 may have the same SNVs such as c.342-1G>A and c.130G>A. Detection of Jk(a+) in JK*01W.01allele may vary with typing reagents[29,35], which increases the difficulty of predicting rare Kidd phenotypes using only genotypes. Confirmation of Kidd antigens by serology is important when issuing antigen-negative blood units.…”