Geochemical characterization of PM10 emitted by glass factories in Murano, Venice (Italy)

Comparison of PM10 concentrations and metal content in three different sites of the Venice Lagoon: An analysis of possible aerosol sources

“…Si, Al, Fe and Ti are generally used as reference elements, being abundant in soils, even if other choices have been made in research works: for example, Sr or Ti (Dongarrà et al, 2007;Teixeira et al, 2009). In the cases analysed Fe appears to be a suitable choice for the reference element because its origin in the Venice area has been indicated as mainly crustal in other research works in PM 10 (Rampazzo et al, 2008a(Rampazzo et al, , 2008bMasiol et al, 2010), in PM 2.5 (Stortini et al, 2009), in PM 3 and in PM 10−3 (Toscano et al, 2011). The EF is the comparison of the ratios of atmospheric concentrations of elements to a reference element with the same ratios in geological material (Watson et al, 2002), and it could furnish information on elements likely to originate from anthropogenic sources (Lu et al, 2007).…”

A procedure to assess local and long-range transport contributions to PM2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol

“…Wind speed is inversely proportional to pollutant concentration and would also produce a dilution effect on it, whereas its direction can help to extract information on source locations. In previous studies, particulate matter in Venice area has been studied in relation to micro-meteorological parameters, using short-term air pollution modeling (Rampazzo et al, 2008b), local circulation and back-trajectories (Masiol et al, 2010). These studies highlighted that air quality in the study area is closely associated with the local atmospheric circulation.…”

“…The emissive scenario is common to other continental districts of Po Valley and includes: (i) an extended urban area, Mestre, with about 270,000 inhabitants; (ii) an extended industrial zone, Porto Marghera ( $ 12 km 2 ), with chemical and metallurgical works, oil-refineries, incineration and thermoelectric power plants burning coal, gas and refuse derived fuel; (iii) several heavy traffic city roads, a highway and a causeway. The peculiarity of this area is the city center of Venice in the middle of a $ 550 km 2 -wide lagoon, almost free from automotive traffic, but affected by: (i) artistic glass factories emissions in the island of Murano; (ii) exhausts from public, commercial and tourist shipping and (iii) sea-spray from the Adriatic Sea and the Lagoon (Rampazzo et al, 2008a(Rampazzo et al, , 2008bStortini et al, 2009;Rossini et al, 2010;Masiol et al, 2010). Fig.…”

“…The concentrations and formation mechanisms of PM 2.5 and SIA were already studied in some sites of Po Valley such as San Pietro Capofiume (Boulogne), Milan, Venice Lagoon (see e.g., Hamed et al, 2007;Sogacheva et al, 2007;Lonati et al, 2008;Prodi et al, 2009), but relatively scarce data are available for the Eastern part of the Po plain. In particular only few studies reported on air quality in the Venice-Mestre area (Rampazzo et al, 2008a(Rampazzo et al, , 2008bStortini et al, 2009;Masiol et al, 2010) and mainly discussed element characterization, source identification and apportionment.…”

Impact of maritime traffic on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals and particulate matter in Venice air

“…& The first factor was associated with the glass industry, because of the high contribution of Cd and As; Rampazzo et al (2008) reported that particles released by glass factories in Venice area were characterized by Cd, As and Se. & The second factor was characterized by V and Ni, which are the typical markers for fossil fuel combustion.…”