Geographical Distribution of Visceral Leishmaniasis Among Children in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen

Al-Selwi, Abdulhakim Ali Mohammed

doi:10.11648/j.jher.20180401.13

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The increase in kala - azar cases during the dry period is further attributed to elevated vector population as well as vector expansion to uncommon areas towards the end of dry seasons which is usually characterized by high humidity and wider temperature variations, and these findings support previous reports [21,27]. Similarly, climate change induced - prolonged customary drought conditions result in depletion of pasture coverage and triggers mass movement of humans and animals into deeper virgin high vector density rangeland sections in search of pasture and browsing content for their livestock which in the process exposes people to vector bite, and these findings support previous reports [28–31].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Climate change and environmental influence on visceral leishmaniasis in West Pokot county, Kenya

Abdullahi

Mutiso

Maloba

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kala-azar is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania species transmitted by sand fly. In Kenya, kala-azar is endemic in thirty sub-counties spread over in eleven counties in the arid zones. Climate change-influenced seasonal weather variability and environmental alterations remain important determinants of many vector-borne diseases. The present study focused on climate change and environmental influence on kala-azar in West Pokot. Descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective research design was adapted. Study area was purposively selected. Locations and villages were randomly selected, while households were systematically selected. Three hundred sixty three household questionnaires, eleven key informant interviews, and five focus group discussions were undertaken. Secondary data was obtained from Kacheliba sub-county hospital records. Statistical package for social science version 24 was used to analyze quantitative data while NVivo software was used to analyse qualitative data. Kala-azar cases have been on the rise on aggregate from 2010 to 2020, 400 to 500 annual average cases, and incident rate tends to surge during dry season and just after the rains when humidity is high and temperature variations are wide. Significant environmental characteristics associated with risk of kala-azar infection included: presences of seasonal rain water pathways and rock piles around houses (X2= 30.706, df=1, p<0.001); presence of acacia trees in and around homesteads (X2=21.404, df=1, p<0.001); presence of dumping site (X2=9.641, df=1, p=0.002); presence of anthills around the homesteads (X2=16.538, df=1, p<0.001); presence of animal shed (X2=4.290, df=1, p=0.038); presences of chicken shelter (X2=36.862, df=1, p<0.001); and practices of frequently moving houses to new temporary compound (X2=20.919, df=1, p<0.001). Climate change-induced seasonal weather variability; increased temperature and reduced precipitation and environmental alterations remain significant predictors of kala-azar in West Pokot. Community sensitization on disease prevalence, clearing of vector predilection sites and improving community environmental risk perception are imperative to promote prevention and reduce disease burden.Brief summaryClimate change and environmental alteration influence on vector-borne diseases is getting stronger as ever increasing global temperatures and human activity-induced environmental changes remain key drivers of vector expansion and disease re-emergence. In Kenya, kala-azar cases are on an increasing trend as annual incidents surpassed 1,500 with a growing list of over eleven endemic counties. The present study used household questionnaire, interrogated surrounding environment using observation checklist and delved into Kacheliba hospital records. Risk of kala-azar was significant in association with presence of seasonal water pathways, presence of acacia trees, anthills, cattle & goat and chicken shelters around houses. On aggregate, kala-azar incident rate was increasing from 2010 to 2020, and cases tend to surge towards end of first and start of last quarter annually. These surge periods coincide with dry season and just after rains in the area when the humidity is high. Apparently during the last 10 years there seems reduced precipitation and increase temperature. Interestingly, increased in temperature and reduced precipitation was associated with increased reported Kala-zar cases. Policy makers and concerned agencies should consider promoting preventive behaviors, increasing community risk perception and eliminating vector-harboring structures around houses, while observing environmental conservation as a disease mitigation strategy.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Climate change and environmental influence on visceral leishmaniasis in West Pokot county, Kenya

Abdullahi

Mutiso

Maloba

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

A disfiguring neglected tropical disease sweeps war-torn Yemen: a community-based study of prevalence and risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis among rural communities in the western highlands

Al-Ashwal,

Atroosh,

Al-Adhroey

et al. 2023

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major health problem in Yemen and is endemic in many rural areas across the country. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey followed by unmatched case–control comparisons was conducted among 612 participants in Utmah district, western Yemen. A total of 223 participants were included in the case–control analysis to identify the significant risk factors. Skin scrapping samples were examined by microscopy and internal transcribed spacer 1 nested polymerase chain reaction. Results Overall, 33% (202/612) of the participants had active skin lesions and/or scars that met the clinical criteria for CL. A total of 90 (14.7%) participants had suspected active CL lesions; however, a prevalence of 8.7% (53/612) was obtained based on molecular and parasitological examination, with Leishmania tropica being the only causative agent identified. Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that being ≤10 y old, being female, living in houses with cracked walls, living in the presence of other family members with typical ulcerating skin diseases and sleeping outside were factors significantly associated with an increased likelihood of having CL. Moreover, keeping livestock on the ground floor of the house was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of having CL. Conclusion The study reveals an alarmingly high prevalence of CL among the studied population. Therefore there is an urgent need for effective control measures and improved treatment efforts against this devastating disease.

show abstract

Climate Change and Environmental Influence on Prevalence of Visceral Leishmaniasis in West Pokot County, Kenya

Abdullahi

Mutiso

Maloba

et al. 2022

Journal of Tropical Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kala-azar is a parasitic disease caused by Leishmania species transmitted by sand fly. In Kenya, kala-azar is endemic in thirty subcounties spread over in eleven counties in the arid zones. Climate change-influenced seasonal weather variability and environmental alterations remain important determinants of many vector-borne diseases. The present study focused on climate change and environmental influence on kala-azar in West Pokot. A descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective research design was adapted. Study area was purposively selected. Locations were randomly selected, and households were systematically selected. Three hundred sixty-three household questionnaires, eleven key informant interviews, and five focus group discussions were undertaken. Secondary data were obtained from Kacheliba subcounty hospital records. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24 was used to analyze quantitative data while qualitative data were analyzed to establish connection for interpretation. Kala-azar cases have been on the rise on aggregate and surge towards the end of dry season and just after the rains. Significant environmental factors included the presence of seasonal rain water pathways and rock piles around houses (AOR = 4.7; 95% CI = (2.3-9.6), p < 0.05 ), presence of acacia trees in and around homesteads (AOR = 8.5; 95% CI = (2.5-28.6), p < 0.05 ), presence of anthills around the homesteads (AOR = 5.2; 95% CI = (1.2-23.4), p < 0.05 ), and presence of animal shed within compound (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI = (0.96-8), p < 0.05 ). Climate change-induced seasonal weather variability, increased temperature and reduced precipitation as well as environmental alterations influence kala-azar occurrence in West Pokot. Community sensitization on disease prevalence, clearing of vector predilection sites, and improving community environmental risk perception are imperative to promote prevention.

show abstract

Geographical Distribution of Visceral Leishmaniasis Among Children in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Climate change and environmental influence on visceral leishmaniasis in West Pokot county, Kenya

Climate change and environmental influence on visceral leishmaniasis in West Pokot county, Kenya

A disfiguring neglected tropical disease sweeps war-torn Yemen: a community-based study of prevalence and risk factors of cutaneous leishmaniasis among rural communities in the western highlands

Climate Change and Environmental Influence on Prevalence of Visceral Leishmaniasis in West Pokot County, Kenya

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About