Geographical Relation Between Alzheimer's Disease and Aluminium in Drinking Water

Martyn, Christopher; Osmond, Clive; Edwardson, James A.; Barker, David J.; Harris, E Clare; Lacey, R F

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91425-6

Cited by 560 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Crushed seeds are a viable replacement of synthetic coagulants (Kalogo et al, 2000). In Sudan, seed crude extract is used instead of alum by rural women to treat the highly turbid Nile water because of a traditional fear of alum causing gastrointestinal disturbances and Alzheimer's disease (Crapper et al, 1973;Miller et al, 1984;Martyn et al, 1989;Muyibi, 1994).…”

Section: Moringa Seeds As Coagulantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moringa oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal uses

Anwar

Latif

Ashraf

et al. 2006

Phytotherapy Research

1,528

1,048

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Section: Moringa Seeds As Coagulantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moringa oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal uses

Anwar

Latif

Ashraf

et al. 2006

Phytotherapy Research

1,528

1,048

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show abstract

“…Aluminum in dialysis fluid causes a clear dementia that appears to be similar to but distinct from Alzheimer's disease (66). We have some epidemiologic evidence for the incidence of Alzheimer's disease paralleling that of aluminum in drinking water (67). These observations have led to considerable speculation about a role for aluminum in Alzheimer's disease [see, e.g., Yokel (68)].…”

Section: Neurodegenerative Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the human health effects of chemical mixtures.

Carpenter

Arcaro

Spink

2002

Environ Health Perspect

329

198

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Most research on the effects of chemicals on biologic systems is conducted on one chemical at a time. However, in the real world people are exposed to mixtures, not single chemicals. Although various substances may have totally independent actions, in many cases two substances may act at the same site in ways that can be either additive or nonadditive. Many even more complex interactions may occur if two chemicals act at different but related targets. In the extreme case there may be synergistic effects, in which case the effects of two substances together are greater than the sum of either effect alone. In reality, most persons are exposed to many chemicals, not just one or two, and therefore the effects of a chemical mixture are extremely complex and may differ for each mixture depending on the chemical composition. This complexity is a major reason why mixtures have not been well studied. In this review we attempt to illustrate some of the principles and approaches that can be used to study effects of mixtures. By the nature of the state of the science, this discussion is more a presentation of what we do not know than of what we do know about mixtures. We approach the study of mixtures at three levels, using specific examples. First, we discuss several human diseases in relation to a variety of environmental agents believed to influence the development and progression of the disease. We present results of selected cellular and animal studies in which simple mixtures have been investigated. Finally, we discuss some of the effects of mixtures at a molecular level.

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“…Commonly, alum (aluminum sulfate) is used as a flocculating agent, as it is efficient and relatively cost-effective in developed countries; while disinfection is achieved by the addition of chemical disinfectants like chlorine-based compounds. However, prolonged usage of such chemicals causes serious adverse health effects like autonomous and central nervous system disorders including Alzheimer's disease (Crapper et al 1973;Martyn et al 1989), reproductive impairments, and different types of cancers by releasing physiologically incompatible reactive species or by-products into water (Morris et al 1992). Moreover, treatment of highly turbid water requires a few proteolytic additives along with alum making it an expensive process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coagulant proteins identified in Mustard: a potential water treatment agent

Bodlund

Pavankumar

Chelliah

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The use of natural coagulant protein in drinking water treatment has been discussed for a long time, though the method is still not in practice, probably due to limited knowledge and availability of material. In the present work, different Mustard varieties were tested for the presence of coagulant protein compared with Moringa seed extract and their potential application in water treatment. The coagulation activity of the protein extract was measured using synthetic clay solution as well as water from pond. The protein content was determined by Bradford method, molecular mass determined by Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and peptide sequence was analyzed by Mass spectrometry. Extract of Mustard (large) and Moringa seed showed coagulation activity of %70 and %85 % after 90 min, respectively. Interestingly, seed extracts from other Mustard varieties had coagulation activity after heat activation at 95°C for 5 h. However, the coagulation activity of Mustard seed extract against turbid pond water was higher (%60 %) compared to Moringa seed extract (%50 %). The peptide sequence analysis of 6.5 and 9 kDa proteins was found to be homologous to Moringa coagulant protein and napin3, respectively. To our knowledge, this could be the first report on Mustard seed having coagulant protein. The coagulation activity of Mustard (large) against highly turbid pond water suggested that it could be a potential natural coagulant for water treatment.

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Geographical Relation Between Alzheimer's Disease and Aluminium in Drinking Water

Cited by 560 publications

References 8 publications

Moringa oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal uses

Moringa oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal uses

Understanding the human health effects of chemical mixtures.

Coagulant proteins identified in Mustard: a potential water treatment agent

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