Geologic Map of the Estes Park 30' x 60' Quadrangle, North-Central Colorado

Cole, James C.; Braddock, William A.

doi:10.3133/sim3039

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Morainal form subdued, clasts variably weathered, and soils well developed. Bull Lake glaciation occurred between about 300 ka and 120 ka in this region (Madole and others, 1998 Cole and others, 2008;Cole and Braddock, 2009) were not found at Blue Ridge, but "porphyritic andesite pebbles of Laramide age" were noted in the adjoining Hot Sulphur Springs quadrangle by Izett (1968). These gravel deposits may locally be as old as late Oligocene because some clasts closely resemble the quartz latite of Apiatan Mountain (bqla) that is about 28 Ma.…”

Section: Well Name (Year Completed)mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Reconnaissance mapping of the Rand 15-minute quadrangle to the west was completed by Kinney (1970). All of the Bowen Mountain quadrangle geology was compiled with the geologic map of the Estes Park 30' x 60' quadrangle (Cole and Braddock, 2009). Metzger (1974) completed a detailed map of the Oligocene breccia-pipe in the Illinois River headwaters west of Bowen Mountain and most of his mapping is incorporated in this report.…”

Section: Geologic Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These faults and folds are displayed in the Cretaceous and younger rocks in the Willow Creek drainage west of the Cascade Mountain-Blue Ridge divide. The easternmost fault that marks the structural contact between Proterozoic crystalline rocks and the Pierre Shale has been referred to as the "Stillwater overthrust" (Tweto, 1957) or, more commonly, the "Never Summer thrust" (O'Neill, 1981;Cole and Braddock, 2009). The position of the fault is well documented by the distribution of scattered outcrops of upper-and lower-plate rocks.…”

Section: Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary geologic map of the Bowen Mountain quadrangle, Grand and Jackson Counties, Colorado

Cole¹,

Braddock²,

Brandt³

2011

Open-File Report

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The map shows the geology of an alpine region in the southern Never Summer Mountains, including parts of the Never Summer Wilderness Area, the Bowen Gulch Protection Area, and the Arapaho National Forest. The area includes Proterozoic crystalline rocks in fault contact with folded and overturned Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and Upper Cretaceous(?) and Paleocene Middle Park Formation. The folding and faulting appears to reflect a singular contractional deformation (post-Middle Park, so probably younger than early Eocene) that produced en echelon structural uplift of the Proterozoic basement of the Front Range. The geologic map indicates there is no through-going "Never Summer thrust" fault in this area. The middle Tertiary structural complex was intruded in late Oligocene time by basalt, quartz latite, and rhyolite porphyry plugs that also produced minor volcanic deposits; these igneous rocks are collectively referred to informally as the Braddock Peak intrusive-volcanic complex whose type area is located in the Mount Richthofen quadrangle immediately north (Cole and others, 2008; Cole and Braddock, 2009). Miocene and upper Oligocene boulder gravel deposits are preserved along high-altitude ridges that probably represent former gravel channels that developed during uplift and erosion in middle Tertiary time.

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Section: Well Name (Year Completed)mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Geologic Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary geologic map of the Bowen Mountain quadrangle, Grand and Jackson Counties, Colorado

Cole¹,

Braddock²,

Brandt³

2011

Open-File Report

Self Cite

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“…The glacier-fed river systems shown here are South St. Vrain Creek (to the north) and Boulder Creek (to the south), which join on the Plains. Glacier extents from Madole et al (1998), terraces from Cole and Braddock (2009), after Scott (1962Scott ( , 1963 Just above its confl uence with Boulder Creek, Betasso catchment is steep and fl anked by steep slopes (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Verdosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The terraces have long been mapped (e.g., Scott, 1960Scott, , 1962Madole, 1991;Cole and Braddock, 2009), and are given names refl ecting correlations based largely upon height above the adjacent streams and degree of soil development (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Stop 1: Ncar Table Mesa Laboratory Parking Lotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical zone evolution<subtitle>Climate and exhumation in the Colorado Front Range</subtitle>

Anderson

Tucker

et al. 2013

Classic Concepts and New DirectionsExploring 125 Years of GSA Discoveries in the Rocky Mountain Region</Subt

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From on high: Geochemistry of alpine springs, Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, USA

Fields

Dethier

2019

Hydrological Processes

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Snowmelt‐fed springs and small (0.5 km2) upland catchments in alpine areas of the western United States contribute significantly to the quantity and inorganic chemistry of water delivered to downstream basins but have not been studied extensively. Mineral weathering, transit time, and hydrologic mixing control the solute chemistry of waters that drain the upland zone of Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, and adjacent areas in the granitic core of the Southern Rocky Mountains. Water in 37 springs sampled in this study flows in generally short steep paths (~0.3 km) through shallow regolith with mean transit times (MTT) of weeks to months, producing solutions dominated by Si, Ca2+, Na+, and HCO3−, locally SO42−. Rock type is a significant control on spring, surface, and shallow groundwater chemistry, and plagioclase (oligoclase) is the major source of dissolved Na+ and Si. Concentrations of Ca2+ exceed stoichiometric predictions of oligoclase weathering by ~3.5×; excess Ca2+ likely represents weathering of aeolian material, vein calcite, or trace minerals. Concentrations of base cations and Si increase slowly with estimated MTT of 0.2 years for Niwot Ridge spring waters, and several years for shallow groundwater sampled by wells. Chemical weathering of silicate minerals is slow with estimated rates of ~2.0 and 0.2 pmol·m−2·s−1 for oligoclase and microcline, respectively; the most mineralized spring waters are saturated only with respect to kaolinite and montmorillonite. More than 50% of the dissolved base cations + Si measured in Boulder Creek at Orodell (~25 km downstream) accumulate before water emerges from alpine springs on Niwot Ridge. Warming global temperatures are shifting more high‐elevation precipitation to rain, potentially changing run‐off patterns, transit time, and solute loads. Acquisition of solutes by alpine waters thus has implications far beyond small upland catchments.

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Geologic Map of the Estes Park 30' x 60' Quadrangle, North-Central Colorado

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Preliminary geologic map of the Bowen Mountain quadrangle, Grand and Jackson Counties, Colorado

Preliminary geologic map of the Bowen Mountain quadrangle, Grand and Jackson Counties, Colorado

Critical zone evolution<subtitle>Climate and exhumation in the Colorado Front Range</subtitle>

From on high: Geochemistry of alpine springs, Niwot Ridge, Colorado Front Range, USA

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