Geological context and plumbotectonic evolution of the giant Almadén Mercury Deposit

Palero-Fernández, Fernando J.; Martin-Izard, Agustín; Prieto, Mar Zarzalejos; Mansilla-Plaza, Luis

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.06.013

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The formation of the different mineralized structures must have been directly related to this long term hydrothermal activity, which also explains the low dispersion of lead isotopic geochemistry (Marcoux, 1998). The extensional tectonics seems to be essential to homogenize throughout hydrothermal cells lead isotopes (García-Sansegundo et al, 2014;Palero-Fernandez et al 2015).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new 3D geological model and interpretation of structural evolution of the world-class Rio Tinto VMS deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt (Spain)

Martin-Izard

Arias

et al. 2015

Ore Geology Reviews

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A new 3D geological model and structural evolution of the Rio Tinto world-class VMS deposit is presented in this work. The Rio Tinto volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit is located in the Spanish segment of the Iberian Pyrite Belt and is hosted by felsic porphyritic volcanic rocks and tuffs. Computer generated 3D modeling of the different orebodies and host rocks has been carried out using data from around 3,000 drill-core logs, allowing us to build 93 cross-sections and 6 plants (both 50 m spacing). This has enabled us to recognize of the geometry and relationships between the mineralization and the earliest Carboniferous transtensional tectonics through the development of an extensional pull-apart basin with two sub-basins separated by the NW-SE trending Eduardo Fault. The sub-basins, CerroColorado and San Dionisio, were limited by two E-W strike-slip faults, the Northern and Southern faults, and bounded in the east and west by the NW-SE-trending Nerva and Western faults, respectively. The generated pull-apart basin was first filled by a basaltic magmatism of mantle origin and later, following the deposition of the intermediate complex sedimentary unit, by rhyodacitic volcanic rocks of crustal origin. The evolution of the subsiding basins caused the development of an E-W oriented rollover anticline that affected these filling rocks.As a result of a counterclockwise rotation of the stress axes, the primitive pull-apart basin evolved into a basin affected by E-W transtensional sinistral shearing. Its northern and southern limits were favorable areas for increased hydrothermal fluid flow, which gave way A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT2 to the huge concentration of VMS mineralization located near the limits. The Northern and, to a lesser degree, the Southern extensional faults thus become channel areas for feeding and discharging of the VMS and stockwork ores. The main mineralizing period was related to this stage. Subsequently, during the Variscan transpressional phase, the E-W extensional faults were reactivated as inverse faults, affecting the volcanic sequence of mafic to felsic composition and the intermediate complex sedimentary unit. Fault propagation folds developed above these faults, affecting the massive sulfides, the transition series and the Culm flysch sediments, with buttressing playing a significant role in the geometry of tectonically inverted structures. The VMS mineralization and cupriferous stockworks were folded and dismembered from the original conduits in the volcanic series, and a dextral reactivation of the NW-SE trending faults also developed.Finally, it should be emphasized that this new 3D geological model is an approach to provide a better insight into the 3D structure of the world-class VMS Rio Tinto deposit and could be a key-point for further studies providing a new tool to increase knowledge of the VMS mineralizations and exploration guidelines elsewerein the IPB.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new 3D geological model and interpretation of structural evolution of the world-class Rio Tinto VMS deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt (Spain)

Martin-Izard

Arias

et al. 2015

Ore Geology Reviews

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“…Dias da Silva et al, 2014;Jacques et al, 2018a), but some explored more outer-arc areas (e.g. Palero-Fernández et al, 2015;Gutiérrez-Alonso et al, 2015). The following paragraphs synthesize the findings of new field, structural, and geochronological analyses from around the hinge of the Central Iberian curve and its surrounding regions.…”

Section: Structural Geology and Geochronologymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…2A; e.g. Palero-Fernández et al, 2015;Dias et al, 2016), or alternatively the interference between C1, C3 and the E2 structures ( Fig. 2A; Arango et al, 2013;Rubio Pascual et al 2013).…”

Section: The Implications Of Not Being a Secondary Oroclinementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Overall the system transitioned from a relatively isolated Early Cambrian continental, to a restricted marine basin, to development of an open marine platform that was locally punctuated by magmatism (e.g. Gutiérrez-Alonso et al, 2008b;Palero-Fernández, 2015). The Ossa…”

Section: Sánchezmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2A) as the product of fold interference patterns (e.g. Gutiérrez- Palero-Fernández et al, 2015;Jacques et al, 2018b;Dias da Silva et al, in press). Pastor- Galán et al (2019b) showed that curved C1 folds in the Central Iberian Zone around the Galicia Tras-os-Montes boundary ( Fig.…”

Section: The Implications Of Not Being a Secondary Oroclinementioning

confidence: 99%

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The enigmatic curvature of Central Iberia and its puzzling kinematics

Pastor‐Galán¹,

Gutiérrez-Alonso²,

Weil³

2020

Preprint

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The collision between Gondwana and Laurussia that formed the latest supercontinent, Pangea, occurred during Devonian to Early Permian times and resulted in large-scale orogeny that today transects Europe, northwest Africa and eastern North America. This orogen is characterized by an 'S' shape corrugated geometry in Iberia. The northern curve of the corrugation is the well known and studied Cantabrian (or Ibero-Armorican) Orocline and is convex to the east and towards the hinterland. Largely ignored for decades, the geometry and kinematics of the southern curvature, known as the Central Iberian curve, are still ambiguous and hotly debated. Despite the paucity of data, the enigmatic Central Iberian curvature has

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Cinnabar provenance of Chalcolithic red pigments in the Iberian Peninsula: A lead isotope study

et al. 2020

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We report lead isotope data for cinnabar from three Chalcolithic settlements and several ore deposits in the Iberian Peninsula. Lead isotope ratios of cinnabar (vermilion) employed in one Bell Beaker grave at Humanejos (Madrid) plot in the field of the Almaden mining district. Cinnabar from the La Velilla dolmen (Palencia) also plots in the isotopic field of Almaden ores but is also comparable to the closer Miñera de Luna deposit in the Cantabrian Ranges. Cinnabar used in the dolmen of Montelirio (Seville) has an unknown origin, as its new lead isotope ratios obtained do not match with any of the studied ore deposits. We conclude that cinnabar was a well-known raw material and several ore deposits were mined in the Iberian Peninsula during the Chalcolithic. The societies established at the northern and central parts of the peninsula employed locally sourced cinnabar (<200 km away) in their funerary rituals. The Chalcolithic society settled at the estuary of the Guadalquivir river (south of Spain) employed cinnabar of unknown origin, leaving open the possibility of long-distance cinnabar trade.

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Geological context and plumbotectonic evolution of the giant Almadén Mercury Deposit

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

A new 3D geological model and interpretation of structural evolution of the world-class Rio Tinto VMS deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt (Spain)

A new 3D geological model and interpretation of structural evolution of the world-class Rio Tinto VMS deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt (Spain)

The enigmatic curvature of Central Iberia and its puzzling kinematics

Cinnabar provenance of Chalcolithic red pigments in the Iberian Peninsula: A lead isotope study

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