Geological Perspective and the Completeness of the Geologic Record

Gilluly, James

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[2303:gpatco]2.0.co;2

Cited by 33 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…In fact, the ideas behind the general model depicted in Fig. 6 are originally derived from studies that range from a continental scale to individual bedforms (Barrell, 1917;Kolmogorov, 1951;Gilluly, 1969;Middleton, 1973;Allen, 1982;Rubin and Hunter, 1982;Paola and Borgman, 1991;Tye, 2004;Wilkinson et al, 2009). The multiscale dynamics of preservation highlighted herein therefore also provides a useful context for other scales and systems.…”

Section: Implications For Other Scales and Sedimentary Systemsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Three paradigms for preservation in a sedimentary system (delimited in time and space) that experiences variability in erosional scour that is: dominance of erosion of a deposit (e.g. Gilluly, 1969), dominance of variability as a control on thickness distributions (e.g. Paola and Borgman, 1991), and dominance of deposition (e.g.…”

Section: Climbing and Down-climbing Form-setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extremes in dune preservation: Controls on the completeness of fluvial deposits

Reesink

Berg

Parsons

et al. 2015

Earth-Science Reviews

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Understanding sedimentary preservation underpins our ability to interpret the ancient sedimentary record and reconstruct paleoenvironments and paleoclimates. Dune sets are ubiquitous in preserved river deposits and are typically interpreted based on a model that describes the recurrence of erosion in a vertical sequence, but without considering spatial variability. However, spatial variability in flow and sediment transport will change the recurrence of erosion, and therefore dune preservation. In order to better understand the limits of these interpretations and outline the causes of potential variability in preservation potential, this paper reviews existing work and presents new observations of an extreme end-member of dune preservation: 'form-sets', formed by dunes in which both stoss-and lee-slopes are preserved intact. These form-sets do not conform to models that are based on the recurrence of erosion, since erosion does not recur in their case, and can therefore be used to evaluate the assumptions that underpin sedimentary preservation. New Ground Penetrating Radar data from the Río Paraná, Argentina, show dune fields that are buried intact within larger scale barforms. These trains of form-sets are up to 300 m in length, are restricted to unit-bar troughs in the upper 5 m of the channel deposits, occur in N 5% of the mid-channel bar deposits, show reactivation surfaces, occur in multiple levels, and match the size of average-flow dunes. A review of published accounts of form-sets highlights a diversity of processes that can be envisaged for their formation: i) abandonment after extreme floods, ii) slow burial of abandoned dune forms by cohesive clay in sheltered bar troughs and meander-neck cut-offs, iii) fast burial by mass-movement processes, and iv) climbing of dune sets due to local dominance of deposition over dune migration. Analysis of these new and published accounts of form-sets and their burial processes highlights that form-sets need not be indicative of extreme floods. Instead, form-sets are closely associated with surrounding geomorphology such as river banks, meander-neck cut-offs, and bars because this larger-scale context controls the local sediment budget and the nature of recurrence of erosion. Locally enhanced preservation by the 'extreme' dominance of deposition is further promoted by finer grain sizes and prolonged changes in flow stage. Such conditions are characteristic, although not exclusive, of large lowland rivers such as the Río Paraná. The spatial control on dune preservation is critical: although at-a-point models adequately describe near-horizontal sets of freely migrating dunes in uniform flows, they are unsuitable for inclined dune co-sets and other cases where multiple scales of bedforms interact. Spatial and temporal variations in flow and sediment transport between the thalweg and different positions on larger bar-forms can change the preservation potential of dunes within river channels. Therefore, dune set thickness distributions are likely grouped in larger-scale un...

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Section: Implications For Other Scales and Sedimentary Systemsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Climbing and Down-climbing Form-setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremes in dune preservation: Controls on the completeness of fluvial deposits

Reesink

Berg

Parsons

et al. 2015

Earth-Science Reviews

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show abstract

“…SCHUCHERT (1931) used the maximum thickness of sediments of each Period to calibrate a time scale, but the thicker younger sections were interpreted as a reflection of an increasing rate of tectonism through geologic time. GILLULY (1949, ].969) and GILLULY et al (1970) recognized that the apparent exponential decay of the sediment mass with age is an expression of the more complete preservation of younger deposits. He realized that young sediments are derived mostly from the erosion of older sediments, and pointed out that in effect the sedimentary system is cannibalistic, younger sediments being produced through the consumption of older sediments.…”

Section: Kpatkoe Co~ep~annementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Through 1980 the corn-pilations included only the continental and shallow sub-sea areas. Although not stated exactly in the summary works, the bases for the compilations were the Lithological-Paleogeographical Atlas of the U.S.S.R. (VINOGRADOV, 1967;1968a;1968b;, the Atlas of Paleogeographic Maps of North America (ScHUCHERT, 1955), the Stratigraphical Atlas of North and Central America (COOK & BALLY, 1975), the compilation of sedimentary volumes for North America by GILLULY et al (1970), and other summary works. An extensive reference list was included in the Atlases of Lithofacies and Paleogeographic Maps for the Late Precambrian and Paleozoic (RONOV et al, 1984) and Mesozoic and Cenozoic (RONOV et al, 1989).…”

Section: Compilations Of Massage Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation of selected mineral deposits to the mass/age distribution of Phanerozoic sediments

Hay

Wold

1990

Geol Rundsch

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“…Ages of sedimentary and volcanic rocks, which form essentially at Earth's surface, define approximate power law distributions wherein youngest ages comprise the modal class and exposure amount decreases with increasing age (e.g., Gilluly 1969). Rocks that form at greater crustal depths, such as plutonic and metamorphic lithosomes (e.g., ), as well as various types of hydrothermal ore deposits Wilkinson 2008, 2009), define frequency distributions that are approximately lognormal in form, with ever-older modal ages corresponding to ever-greater depths of lithosome/ore body formation.…”

Section: Exposed Crustal Lithosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%