Geomorphological features in the southern Canary Island Volcanic Province: The importance of volcanic processes and massive slope instabilities associated with seamounts

Palomino, Desirée; Vázquez, J.T.; Somoza, Luı́s; León, Ricardo; López-González, N.; Medialdea, Teresa; Fernández-Salas, L.M.; González, Francisco Javier; Rengel, Juan Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.12.016

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The Canary Basin is located in an intraplate setting over Jurassic to present oceanic crust [43]. This basin has been characterized as having a heterogeneous distribution of various volcanic elevations including seamounts, hills, and seafloor mounds [42,44]. Nevertheless, in the central area of this basin, known as the Subvent Area, these seafloor mounds are hydrothermal domes and scattered volcanoes related to Quaternary intrusive activity that gave rise to a huge magmatic sill complex together with volcanic activity [41].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, volcanoes grow vertically up to a critical height, becoming unstable with respect to their base, and secondary destructive processes may affect the edifice geometry. Instability processes play an important role in shaping the seafloor, and calculating the dimensions of submarine volcanoes is essential for understanding their consequent morphological changes [44].…”

Section: Morphometry Of the Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shape and Size Complexity of Deep Seafloor Mounds on the Canary Basin (West to Canary Islands, Eastern Atlantic): A DEM-Based Geomorphometric Analysis of Domes and Volcanoes

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Derived digital elevation models (DEMs) are high-resolution acoustic technology that has proven to be a crucial morphometric data source for research into submarine environments. We present a morphometric analysis of forty deep seafloor edifices located to the west of Canary Islands, using a 150 m resolution bathymetric DEM. These seafloor structures are characterized as hydrothermal domes and volcanic edifices, based on a previous study, and they are also morphostructurally categorized into five types of edifice following an earlier classification. Edifice outline contours were manually delineated and the morphometric variables quantifying slope, size and shape of the edifices were then calculated using ArcGIS Analyst tools. In addition, we performed a principal component analysis (PCA) where ten morphometric variables explain 84% of the total variance in edifice morphology. Most variables show a large spread and some overlap, with clear separations between the types of mounds. Based on these analyses, a morphometric growth model is proposed for both the hydrothermal domes and volcanic edifices. The model takes into account both the size and shape complexity of these seafloor structures. Grow occurs via two distinct pathways: the volcanoes predominantly grow upwards, becoming large cones, while the domes preferentially increase in volume through enlargement of the basal area.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphometry Of the Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape and Size Complexity of Deep Seafloor Mounds on the Canary Basin (West to Canary Islands, Eastern Atlantic): A DEM-Based Geomorphometric Analysis of Domes and Volcanoes

et al. 2018

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“…Granular flows commonly occur for internal friction angles (φ) around 30 − 40 • . However, this range of values is not appropriate for submarine landslides, which involve φ values < 15 • (Canals et al, 2004;Ten Brink et al, 2009), and even φ values < 2 • for low slope gradient (Rodriguez et al,25 2012; Urlaub et al, 2015). Therefore, we perform simulations only for friction angles ranging between 1 and 5 • to simulate the Thasos landslide, which spans the range of slope values in this area.…”

Section: Slide Modeling: Physical Background and Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the wake of the 1998 Sissano event, numerous studies investigated the distribution of submarine landslides along continental slopes, islands and bathymetric highs, as well as their tsunamigenic potential (Canals et al, 2004;Masson et al, 2006;McAdoo et al, 2000;Chaytor et al, 2009;Twichell et al, 2009;Mulder et al, 2009;Tappin, 2010;Iacono et al, 2014;Urgeles and Camerlenghi, 2013;Macías et al, 2015;Palomino et al, 2016;Rodriguez et al, 2012Rodriguez et al, , 2013Rodriguez et al, , 2017. Submarine landslide-generated tsunamis display specific characteristics com-5 pared to other sources (Trifunac and Todorovska, 2002;Harbitz et al, 2006Harbitz et al, , 2014.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The North Aegean Trough is a strike-slip basin emplaced along the 25 North Anatolian Fault. Its tectono-sedimentary context is very similar to the Marmara Sea, with splays of the North Anatolian Fault triggering frequent earthquakes up to M w 7 (such as the 24th May 2014 M w 6.9 event in the Gulf of Saros), and locally gas-charged sediments (Papatheodorou et al, 1993).…”

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Tsunamigenic potential of a Holocene submarine landslide along the North Anatolian Fault (North Aegean Sea, off Thasos Island): insights from numerical modeling

Janin¹,

Rodriguez²,

Sakellariou³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The North Anatolian Fault in the northern Aegean Sea triggers frequent earthquakes of magnitude up to M w ∼ 7.This seismicity can be a source of modest tsunamis for the surrounding coastlines with less than 50 cm height according to numerical modelling and analysis of tsunami deposits. However, other tsunami sources may be involved, like submarine landslides. We assess the severity of this potential hazard by performing numerical simulations of tsunami generation and propagation from a Holocene landslide (1.85 km 3 in volume) identified off Thasos island. We use a model coupling the simu-5 lation of the submarine landslide, assimilated to a granular flow, to the propagation of the tsunami wave. The results of these simulations show that a tsunami wave of water height between 1.10 m and 1.65 m reaches the coastline at Alexandroupolis (58.000 inhabitants) one hour after the triggering of the landslide. In the same way, tsunamis waves of water height between 0.80 m and 2.00 m reach the coastline of the Athos peninsula 9 min after the triggering of the landslide. Landslide tsunamis should not be neglected as a potential source of tsunami in the area. Despite numerous earthquakes of M w > 7 and strong 10 detrital input (on the order of 30 cm.ka −1 ), only a few Holocene landslides have been recognized so far, asking the question of the relationships between seismicity and landslide frequency in the area.

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Evidence of a modern deep water magmatic hydrothermal system in the Canary Basin (eastern central Atlantic Ocean)

Medialdea

Somoza

González

et al. 2017

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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New seismic profiles, bathymetric data, and sediment‐rock sampling document for the first time the discovery of hydrothermal vent complexes and volcanic cones at 4800–5200 m depth related to recent volcanic and intrusive activity in an unexplored area of the Canary Basin (Eastern Atlantic Ocean, 500 km west of the Canary Islands). A complex of sill intrusions is imaged on seismic profiles showing saucer‐shaped, parallel, or inclined geometries. Three main types of structures are related to these intrusions. Type I consists of cone‐shaped depressions developed above inclined sills interpreted as hydrothermal vents. Type II is the most abundant and is represented by isolated or clustered hydrothermal domes bounded by faults rooted at the tips of saucer‐shaped sills. Domes are interpreted as seabed expressions of reservoirs of CH4 and CO2‐rich fluids formed by degassing and contact metamorphism of organic‐rich sediments around sill intrusions. Type III are hydrothermal‐volcanic complexes originated above stratified or branched inclined sills connected by a chimney to the seabed volcanic edifice. Parallel sills sourced from the magmatic chimney formed also domes surrounding the volcanic cones. Core and dredges revealed that these volcanoes, which must be among the deepest in the world, are constituted by OIB‐type, basanites with an outer ring of blue‐green hydrothermal Al‐rich smectite muds. Magmatic activity is dated, based on lava samples, at 0.78 ± 0.05 and 1.61 ± 0.09 Ma (K/Ar methods) and on tephra layers within cores at 25–237 ky. The Subvent hydrothermal‐volcanic complex constitutes the first modern system reported in deep water oceanic basins related to intraplate hotspot activity.

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Geomorphological features in the southern Canary Island Volcanic Province: The importance of volcanic processes and massive slope instabilities associated with seamounts

Cited by 32 publications

References 76 publications

Shape and Size Complexity of Deep Seafloor Mounds on the Canary Basin (West to Canary Islands, Eastern Atlantic): A DEM-Based Geomorphometric Analysis of Domes and Volcanoes

Shape and Size Complexity of Deep Seafloor Mounds on the Canary Basin (West to Canary Islands, Eastern Atlantic): A DEM-Based Geomorphometric Analysis of Domes and Volcanoes

Tsunamigenic potential of a Holocene submarine landslide along the North Anatolian Fault (North Aegean Sea, off Thasos Island): insights from numerical modeling

Evidence of a modern deep water magmatic hydrothermal system in the Canary Basin (eastern central Atlantic Ocean)

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