Geostrategic Alliances in the Eastern Mediterranean and MENA

Abstract

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A Review On the Nexus between Energy industry, Financial Markets, Environmental Concerns, and Geopolitics

“…The authors also emphasize the cultural and religious connections between the Eastern Mediterranean nations and Europe well as the Middle East. In their research [25], they thoroughly examine how Energy shapes relations among states and regions. They delve into concepts such as energy security, energy diplomacy and energy transition while exploring their relevance to both challenges and opportunities in the Eastern Mediterranean and MENA regions.…”

On Global Maritime Oil Piracy: An Association Rules Analysis

“…These international and complex networks involve several stakeholders with different goals and priorities. Operating e ciently and reliably is crucial for avoiding supply shortages, price hikes, and economic repercussions [10]. Diversifying energy sources and supply routes is essential in enhancing energy security and prices and reducing geopolitical risks [5,18].…”

“…In contrast to former centuries, where these commodities were traded physically, mostly in bilateral schemes, now organized energy markets have this role, incorporating sustainability concerns [6,19]. Furthermore, energy is a commodity vulnerable to geopolitics and supply chains [13] and has often been the reason for con icts and tensions [12,17]. Regions rich in fossil fuels, such as the Eastern Mediterranean (EM), the Middle East (ME), and North Africa (NA) regions, have witnessed geopolitical turmoil [9,11].…”

“…Regions rich in fossil fuels, such as the Eastern Mediterranean (EM), the Middle East (ME), and North Africa (NA) regions, have witnessed geopolitical turmoil [9,11]. Ruling over energy resources can in uence political power and alliances as countries gain leverage over others [15,16]. Geopolitical events, such as con icts or sanctions, can disrupt energy supply chains from exploration to re ning transportation and distribution.…”

“…Hence, energy commodities and their transfer should be studied within geopolitics, global markets, supply chains, and environmental frameworks [14,12,8]. In this paper, we seek to nd, if any, association rules in the features or tactics of maritime piracy attacks from 2000 until 2022.…”