Geranium carolinianum as an Early Host for Heliothis zea and H. virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Southeastern United States, with Notes on Associated Parasites1

Snow, J. Wendell; Hamm, John J.; Brazzel, J. R.

doi:10.1093/aesa/59.3.506

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…and Toadflax (Linaria canadensis (L.)). C. nigriceps has also been shown to be the most abundant parasite of H. virescens on Deergrass (Rhexia mariana L.), cotton and tobacco (Neunzig 1969) and Carolina cranesbill (Geranium carolinianum L.) (Snow et al 1966). Shepard and Sterling (1972) C. nigriceps will accept for oviposition both H. zea and H. virescens which occur on cotton, but will not attack the cotton leaf perforator, Bucculatrix thurberiella (Busck), or the yellow-striped armyworm, Spodoptera ornithogalli (Guenec) which also occur on cotton.…”

Section: Parasitoid Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Coevolution between Parasitoids and their Hosts

Vinson

1975

Evolutionary Strategies of Parasitic Insects and Mites

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The coevolution of a predator and its prey suggests that the prey is selected for predator avoidance and escape while the predator is selected for more efficient prey-finding and capture. The predator attacks and consumes its host and, thus being successful, would be expected to propagate. The parasite-host relationship is a similar reciprocating evolutionary relationship with one important difference--the host should not be killed. The parasite must not only locate the host but must constantly adapt to a developing and changing host, a situation resulting in a closely interwoven relationship. The continued development of a host in accord with the evolutionary development of the host species is of benefit to the parasite. It is probably advantageous for the parasite to evolve towards a condition where the parasite has a minimal affect on the host species. This would insure the continued existence of a viable host population.The parasitoid-host relationship is akin to the predator-and parasite-host relationship, but with some unique aspects. The term parasitoid is used for arthropods where the egg and early larval stages are parasitic, but where the host is eventually killed. The adult is free living. In the parasitoid-host relationship, the parasitoid must not only locate the host, but must utilize the host for the progeny's benefit. Once the host has been parasitized, the parasitoid's progeny grow and develop at the expense of the host; ultimately killing the host. The host's future development is only of importance to the parasitoid. Thus the evolutionary strategy of the parasitoid is different from that of a parasite or predator. The parasitized host can no longer be considered as a member of the host species, but must be viewed as a container for the parasitoid. The evolutionary development of the parasitized host towards a

show abstract

Section: Parasitoid Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Coevolution between Parasitoids and their Hosts

Vinson

1975

Evolutionary Strategies of Parasitic Insects and Mites

172

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We decided later to contrast or correlate olfactometer conditions found suitable for flight initiation by C. sonorensis with those conditions which are optimal for the braconid Microplitis croceipes. Both species are larval endoparasitoids of Heliothis virescens and H. zea (Boddie), however M. croceipes is apparently restricted to Heliothis (Snow et al, 1966;Lewis & Brazzel, 1968;Bottrell et al, 1968), whereas C. sonorensis parasitizes many species o f Lepidoptera, but primarily noctuids (Lingren et aL, 1970) and particularly H. virescens and H. zea (Lingren & Noble, 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative flight behavior of parasitoids Campoletis sonorensis and Microplitis croceipes

Elzen

Williams

Vinson

et al. 1987

Entomologia Exp Applicata

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flight behavior of parasitoids Microsplitis croceipes Cresson (Braconidae) and Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) (Ichneumonidae) was examined in a wind tunnel. Both species exhibited odor directed, oriented flights to cotton, although flight frequency was related to variation in wind velocity or differential cotton volatile emission with changes in wind velocity, or both. Flight frequency at constant wind velocity was affected by illumination. Microplitis croceipes was attracted to the wind borne odor of Heliothis virescens (F.) frass and larvae, whereas C. sonorensis was not. Possible interaction of the wind borne odors from the habitat and host is suggested for parasitoids. Résumé Comparaison des comportements de vol des parasitoides Campoletis sonorensis et Microplitis croceipes. Le comportement de vol de M. croceipes Cres. (Hym. Braconidae) et de C. sonorensis Cam. (Hym. Icheumonidae) a été étudié en olfactométrie dans un tunnel à vent. Les femelles des deux espèces, et non les mâles, ont un vol orienté par l'odeur des feuilles fraîches de coton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). La fréquence d'envol est liée aux changements de vitesse du vent, aux variations d'émissions, par le cotonnier, des substances volatiles, en fonction de la vitesse du vent, ou aux deux. La fréquence d'envol à vitesse de vent constante dépend de l'éclairage. La fréquence d'envol de C. sonorensis augmente avec des intensités lumineuses relativement fortes et diminue avec des intensités relativement faibles. L'inverse est observé avec M. croceipes. Le vent chargé d'odeurs de larves ou d'extréments d'Heliothis virescens F., attire M. croceipes et non C. sonorensis. Nous suggérons une éventuelle interaction des odeurs portées par le vent et provenant de l'habitat et de l'hôte.

show abstract

“…Other studies report M. croceipes as the most important parasite ofHeliothis spp. regardless of host plant (Burleigh & Farmer, 1978 ;Bottrell et al, 1968 ;Snow et al, 1966 ;Young & Price, 1975 ;Graham et al, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high incidence of parasitism ofHeliothis SPP. [Lep.: Noctuidae] larvae in cotton in Southeastern Arkansas

1985

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During 1981 and 1982, bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and tobacco budworm, H. virescens (F.), larvae (n = 3,666) were collected from 41 cotton fields near Portland, Arkansas (USA) to assess the occurrence of parasitism. Three strategies were employed to control Heliothis spp. in these fields : (1) release of Trichograrnma pretiosum Riley ; (2) insecticidal control ; or (3) inaction (check). Insecticide use in nonchemicat control fields was reduced, but not eliminated. Hetiothis spp. larvae collected in cotton had higher parasitism rates in 1981 (30.9 %) and 1982 (50.1%) than had been reported for cotton since the advent of organochlorine insecticide usage. Four species of larval parasites and 1 species of larval-pupal parasite were recorded. The larval parasite Microplitis croceipes (Cresson) comprised 90.6 % and 94.5 % of all parasitic insects reared from field collected Heliothis spp. in 1981 and l 982, respectively, No difference (P> 0.05) in level of parasitism existed between H. zea and H. virescens. Differences between treatments occurred only in 1982 when H. zea larvae were parasitized at a greater (P<0.05) rate in check fields (68.3 %) than in insecticidal control fields (44.3 % ). Higher levels of larval parasitism in cotton fields may be a consequence of reduced insecticide usage and changes in materials applied, particularly the pyrethroids.

show abstract

Geranium carolinianum as an Early Host for Heliothis zea and H. virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Southeastern United States, with Notes on Associated Parasites1

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Biochemical Coevolution between Parasitoids and their Hosts

Biochemical Coevolution between Parasitoids and their Hosts

Comparative flight behavior of parasitoids Campoletis sonorensis and Microplitis croceipes

A high incidence of parasitism ofHeliothis SPP. [Lep.: Noctuidae] larvae in cotton in Southeastern Arkansas

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About