Germline cysts: a conserved phase of germ cell development?

Pepling, Melissa E.; Cuevas, Margaret de; Spradling, Allan C.

doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(99)01594-9

Cited by 234 publications

(225 citation statements)

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“…Whole ovaries from embryos and pups and testes from adults of the wild-type CD-1 strain were harvested, fixed, and stained as described (37,67), except that neonatal and adult ovaries were fixed overnight at 4°C. After adult testes were fixed, they were sliced into small pieces before incubation with antibody.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both Xenopus and Drosophila, the Balbiani body arises within interconnected germline cysts by the controlled assembly of organelles and germinal granule components at the time of follicle formation (26,36). Female mouse germ cells also generate cysts after reaching the genital ridge (37). As the cysts break down around the time of birth, approximately one-third become surrounded by somatic pregranulosa cells to form primordial follicles (38).…”

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Mouse oocytes within germ cell cysts and primordial follicles contain a Balbiani body

Pepling

Wilhelm

O'Hara

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

212

184

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The Balbiani body or mitochondrial cloud is a large distinctive organelle aggregate found in developing oocytes of many species, but its presence in the mouse has been controversial. Using confocal and electron microscopy, we report that a Balbiani body does arise in mouse neonatal germline cysts and oocytes of primordial follicles but disperses as follicles begin to grow. The mouse Balbiani body contains a core of Golgi elements surrounded by mitochondria and associated endoplasmic reticulum. Because of their stage specificity and perinuclear rather than spherical distribution, these clustered Balbiani body mitochondria may have been missed previously. The Balbiani body also contains Trailer hitch, a widely conserved member of a protein complex that associates with endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi-like vesicles and transports specific RNAs during Drosophila oogenesis. Our results provide evidence that mouse oocytes develop using molecular and developmental mechanisms widely conserved throughout the animal kingdom.germ plasm ͉ gamete biology ͉ oocyte development ͉ ovary ͉ oogenesis

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse oocytes within germ cell cysts and primordial follicles contain a Balbiani body

Pepling

Wilhelm

O'Hara

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

212

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The evidence indicates that germline cysts are highly conserved. They are composed of intimately associated groups of germ cells that are interconnected by distinctive intercellular bridges that form as a result of incomplete cytokinesis (see reviews by Spradling, 1993;Pepling et al, 1999;Matova and Cooley, 2001;Pepling, 2006). During ovarian differentiation in the beloniform, Oryzias latipes, cyst-forming divisions of oogonia, were recently shown in an elegant report by Saito et al (2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Additional ultrastructural informational was also provided. The relationship between conserved germline cysts during gonad development (Pepling et al, 1999) and cell nests in adult fish ovaries (Selman et al, 1993) was established.…”

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confidence: 99%

Germline Cysts and the Formation of the Germinal Epithelium During the Female Gonadal Morphogenesis in Cyprinus carpio (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Cypriniformes)

Mazzoni

Grier

Quagio-Grassiotto

2010

The Anatomical Record

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The formation of both germline cysts and the germinal epithelium is described during the ovary development in Cyprinus carpio. As in the undifferentiated gonad of mammals, cords of PGCs become oogonia when they are surrounded by somatic cells. Ovarian differentiation is triggered when oogonia proliferate and enter meiosis, becoming oocytes. Proliferation of single oogonium results in clusters of interconnected oocytes, the germline cysts, that are encompassed by somatic prefollicle cells and form cell nests. Both PGCs and cell nests are delimited by a basement membrane. Ovarian follicles originate from the germline cysts, about the time of meiotic arrest, as prefollicle cells surround oocytes, individualizing them. They synthesize a basement membrane and an oocyte forms a follicle. With the formation of the stroma, unspecialized mesenchymal cells differentiate, and encompass each follicle, forming the theca. The follicle, basement membrane, and theca constitute the follicle complex. Along the ventral region of the differentiating ovary, the epithelium invaginates to form the ovigerous lamellae whose developing surface epithelium, the germinal epithelium, is composed of epithelial cells, germline cysts with oogonia, oocytes, and developing follicles. The germinal epithelium rests upon a basement membrane. The follicles complexes are connected to the germinal epithelium by a shared portion of basement membrane. In the differentiated ovary, germ cell proliferation in the epithelium forms nests in which there are the germline cysts. Germline cysts, groups of cells that form from a single founder cell and are joined by intercellular bridges, are conserved throughout the vertebrates, as is the germinal epithelium. Anat Rec, 293:1581Rec, 293: -1606

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“…On the other hand, it is no doubt that syncytium formation, which is a characteristic for germ cells widely in animal kingdom (Pepling et al 1999), is an important property associated with differentiation. The relationship between morphology and gene expression in the stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is one of the important questions for the complete understanding of the stem cell system.…”

Section: Hierarchy and Reversibility Of The Stem Cell Compartmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the identity and behavior of spermatogenic stem cells in the mouse testis

Yoshida¹

2012

Reproduction

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Spermatogenesis in mice and other mammalians is supported by a robust stem cell system. Stem cells maintain themselves and continue to produce progeny that will differentiate into sperm over a long period. The pioneering studies conducted from the 1950s to the 1970s, which were based largely on extensive morphological analyses, have established the fundamentals of mammalian spermatogenesis and its stem cells. The prevailing so-called A single (A s ) model, which was originally established in 1971, proposes that singly isolated A s spermatogonia are in fact the stem cells. In 1994, the first functional stem cell assay was established based on the formation of repopulating colonies after transplantation in germ cell-depleted host testes, which substantially accelerated the understanding of spermatogenic stem cells. However, because testicular tissues are dissociated into single-cell suspension before transplantation, it was impossible to evaluate the A s and other classical models solely by this technique. From 2007 onwards, functional assessment of stem cells without destroying the tissue architecture has become feasible by means of pulse-labeling and live-imaging strategies. Results obtained from these experiments have been challenging the classical thought of stem cells, in which stem cells are a limited number of specialized cells undergoing asymmetric division to produce one self-renewing and one differentiating daughter cells. In contrast, the emerging data suggest that an extended and heterogeneous population of cells exhibiting different degrees of self-renewing and differentiating probabilities forms a reversible, flexible, and stochastic stem cell system as a population. These features may lead to establishment of a more universal principle on stem cells that is shared by other systems.Reproduction (2012) 144 293-302

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Germline cysts: a conserved phase of germ cell development?

Cited by 234 publications

References 50 publications

Mouse oocytes within germ cell cysts and primordial follicles contain a Balbiani body

Mouse oocytes within germ cell cysts and primordial follicles contain a Balbiani body

Germline Cysts and the Formation of the Germinal Epithelium During the Female Gonadal Morphogenesis in Cyprinus carpio (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Cypriniformes)

Elucidating the identity and behavior of spermatogenic stem cells in the mouse testis

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