Gestantes hiv positivas e os fatores de risco relacionados à transmissão vertical do hiv

Abstract

Objective: to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of pregnant women infected with HIV related to the risk of vertical HIV transmission. Method: a descriptive and quantitative study, in which 323 records of HIV positive pregnant women who were delivered at a public maternity hospital were analyzed. The data was analyzed by the electronic program, SigmaStat®, version 2.0. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively from frequency distribution, means and standard deviation. The proportions were compared by the  2 test, accompanied by Fisher's exact test. Statistically significant differences were found in which p was less than 5% (p <0.05). Results: there were situations that contradicted the recommendations of the Ministry of Health: 54.5% of the pregnant women performed less than six prenatal consultations; 87% had unprotected sex during pregnancy; 71.2% performed the first prenatal visit only after the first trimester. Conclusion: a quantitative diagnosis was obtained about the risks of exposure experienced by pregnant women, facilitating assertive planning in relation to aspects that are still flawed and that increase the chances of vertical HIV transmission. Descriptors: HIV; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Communicable Disease Control; Pregnant Women. RESUMO RESUMENObjetivo: determinar las características sociodemográficas de las mujeres embarazadas infectadas por el VIH relacionandas al riesgo de transmisión vertical del VIH. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, en que fueron analizados 323 prontuarios de las mujeres embarazadas VIH positivo, que realizaron el parto en una maternidad pública. Los datos fueron analizados por el programa electrónico SigmaStat®, versión 2.0. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron de forma descriptiva a partir de la distribución de frecuencias, medias y desviaciones padronizadas. Las proporciones fueron comparadas por la prueba del  2 , acompañado de la prueba exacta de Fisher. Se consideraron estadísticamente significativas las diferencias en que p fue menor que 5% (p <0,05). Resultados: se verificaron situaciones que contrarresta las recomendaciones del Ministerio de Salud: 54,5% de las mujeres embarazadas realizaron menos de seis consultas prenatales, el 87% practicaron sexo desprotegido durante la gestación; el 71,2% realizaron la primera consulta prenatal sólo después del primer trimestre. Conclusión: se obtuvo el diagnóstico cuantitativo acerca de los riesgos de exposición sufridos por las mujeres embarazadas, facilitando una planificación asertiva en relación a los aspectos que aún son fallidos y que aumentan las posibilidades de la transmisión vertical del VIH. Descriptores: VIH; Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa; Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles; Mujeres Embarazadas.

Vertical transmission of HIV to neonates in a reference hospital in Northeastern Brazil from 2013 to 2017

“…In relation to occupation (p-value = 0.863), there was no finding of association with vertical transmission. It was observed that most of the seropositive pregnant women who presented vertical transmission did not have paid work, and this result was also found in studies in Pernambuco State 8 and Rio de Janeiro city 9 .…”

HIV in Paraná: clinical-epidemiological overview, distribution, and incidence by macroregional and regional health

“…The lack of adherence to prenatal care was also demonstrated in a study carried out in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, between 2006 and 2011, in which the late start of prenatal care was evidenced, considering that the first consultation of 71.2% of pregnant women took place after the 1st trimester of pregnancy, contrary to the recommendations of the Ministry of Health (Barbosa, Marques, & Guimarães, 2018).…”

“…This information may suggest that there is a late capture of pregnant women, contrary to the model recommended by the Rede Mãe Paranaense (Paraná, 2018), whether due to lack of interest in adherence, difficulty in accessing the services of the Health Care Network (HCN) or difficulty in orientation and the approach of these women by the services and/or health professionals involved in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle (Barbosa et al, 2018).…”