Gestational Diabetes Type 2: Variation in High-Density Lipoproteins Composition and Function

Abstract

Aims: Class A2 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDMA2) has short- and long-term effects on the mother and child. These may include abnormalities of placentation, damage to endothelial cells and cardiovascular disease. This research investigated the function and composition of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) among women with GDMA2 and their fetuses. Methods: Thirty pregnant women were recruited during admission for delivery. The function and expression of HDL, paraoxonase1 (PON1) and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) in the blood samples and the placental tissue were evaluated. The effect of HDL on migration of endothelial cells was measured in vitro. Results: Compared to normal pregnancy (NP), APOA1 in the maternal plasma of women with GDMA2 was decreased. More APOA1 and PON1 were released from HDL of women with GDMA2, compared to NP. Placental APOA1 and PON1 were decreased in GDMA2. For endothelial cells stimulated with TNFα, HDL cell migration was decreased when cells were evaluated with NP-HDL, as compared to GDMA2-HDL. Conclusions: GDMA2 affects the composition and function of HDL in plasma. Changes in HDL commonly seen in GDMA2 were observed in maternal and placental samples, but not in cord samples. These results might indicate a placental role in protecting the fetus by preserving the components and functions of HDL and require further investigation.

Fetal High-Density Lipoproteins: Current Knowledge on Particle Metabolism, Composition and Function in Health and Disease

“…Since apoM represents the main carrier of the vasoprotective S1P, the reduction of apoM on GDM HDL might contribute to endothelial dysfunction observed in GDM [ 208 ]. This was supported by another group using a migration assay with human umbilical vein endothelial cells [ 209 ]. Maternal GDM HDL showed less closure of cell migration, which was induced by TNF α, than control HDL [ 209 ].…”

“…This was supported by another group using a migration assay with human umbilical vein endothelial cells [ 209 ]. Maternal GDM HDL showed less closure of cell migration, which was induced by TNF α, than control HDL [ 209 ]. Levels of apoA-I as well as mass and activity of PON1 were significantly decreased in maternal GDM HDL [ 207 ], similar to another study [ 209 ].…”

“…Maternal GDM HDL showed less closure of cell migration, which was induced by TNF α, than control HDL [ 209 ]. Levels of apoA-I as well as mass and activity of PON1 were significantly decreased in maternal GDM HDL [ 207 ], similar to another study [ 209 ]. ApoA-I, as well as PON1, are important anti-oxidant components of HDL, therefore these results suggest decreased anti-oxidative protection [ 78 , 210 ].…”

Adiponectin ameliorates placental injury in gestational diabetes mice by correcting fatty acid oxidation/peroxide imbalance-induced ferroptosis via restoration of CPT-1 activity

“…Disorders associated with abnormal glucose metabolism (such as type 2 diabetes, GDM, etc.) not only involve abnormal glucose metabolism, but also abnormal lipid metabolism, especially for the damage and function of placental tissue, as well as the survival and development of offspring [22]. In our experiment, it was found that HL and HG could significantly cause damage to the placental tissue of mice, while the damage to the placental tissue of mice induced by HL and HG combined was more serious.…”

Pathogenesis of Pregnancy-Related Complications 1.0 and 2.0

“…Pasternak et al [ 19 ] reported the function and composition of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) among women with class A2 GDM and their fetuses. They observed the changes in HDL both in maternal and placental samples but not in cord samples.…”