Ghrelin receptors as targets for novel motility drugs

Sessenwein, Jessica; Lomax, Alan E.

doi:10.1111/nmo.12562

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Moreover, this pathway involves multiple neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, including the projection of ghrelin neurons[ 194 - 196 ]. Ghrelin has central and peripheral actions in gut motility, and its receptors are regarded as targets for novel motility drugs[ 197 , 198 ]. Ghrelin fibers originating in the LHA project into the DVC.…”

Section: Cns Mechanism Of Acupuncturementioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromechanism of acupuncture regulating gastrointestinal motility

Yu¹

2020

WJG

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Acupuncture has been used in China for thousands of years and has become more widely accepted by doctors and patients around the world. A large number of clinical studies and animal experiments have confirmed that acupuncture has a benign adjustment effect on gastrointestinal (GI) movement; however, the mechanism of this effect is unclear, especially in terms of neural mechanisms, and there are still many areas that require further exploration. This article reviews the recent data on the neural mechanism of acupuncture on GI movements. We summarize the neural mechanism of acupuncture on GI movement from four aspects: acupuncture signal transmission, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the central nervous system.

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Section: Cns Mechanism Of Acupuncturementioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromechanism of acupuncture regulating gastrointestinal motility

Yu¹

2020

WJG

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“…Кроме того, не исключен и альтернативный сплайсинг гена грелина с синтезом других грелиноподобных пептидов, например, дез-Gln14-грелина. Более того, возможен синтез и антисмысловых транскриптов, которые могут быть причастны к посттранскрипционной и / или посттрансляционной регуляции гена грелина [9]. В крови грелин представлен такими циркулирующими формами, как неацилированный грелин (UAG), ацилированный грелин (AG) и С-грелин [10].…”

Section: физиология и ключевые эффекты грелинаunclassified

Ghrelin Physiology and Pathophysiology: Focus on the Cardiovascular System

et al. 2019

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Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone, mainly synthesized by P / D1 cells of the stomach fundus mucosa. Its basic effect, which is realized via GHS-R1 α receptor in the arcuate and the ventromedial nucleuses of hypothalamus, is stimulation of the synthesis of pituitary hormones. Ghrelin is involved in control of appetite and energy balance, regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as modulation of functioning of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary and immune systems. It was found that cardiomyocytes are able to synthesize ghrelin. High concentrations of GHS-R1α in the heart and major blood vessels evidence for its possible participation in functioning of cardiovascular system. Ghrelin inhibits apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, and improves the functioning of the left ventricle (LV) after injury of ischemia-reperfusion mechanism. In rats with heart failure (HF) ghrelin improves LV function and attenuates development of cardiac cachexia. In addition, ghrelin exerts vasodilatory effects in humans, improves cardiac function and reduces peripheral vascular resistance in patients with chronic HF. The review contains of the predictive value of ghrelin in the development and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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“…Comparable effects were found also upon oral gavage suggesting that an orally active tablet comprising both active ingredients could become the first ever SMC-activating drug treatment against bladder dysfunction and relatedsecondary complications in patients with SCI and WJCCM|www.wjgnet.com [45] . A comparable approach has been explored in recent years to determine the role of electrical stimulation or pharmacological ligands in LDC-mediated potent reflex defecation [46] . Japanese found that ghrelin receptor agonists such as capromorelin or CP464709 administered sc or iv (lumbosacral level) can increase fecal pellet production in SCI rats [47,48] .…”

Section: And Safer Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

New pharmacological approaches against chronic bowel and bladder problems in paralytics

Guertin¹

2016

WJCCM

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads generally to an irreversible loss of sensory functions and voluntary motor control below injury level. Cures that could repair SCI and/or restore voluntary walking have not been yet developed nor commercialized. Beyond the well-known loss of walking capabilities, most SCI patients experience also a plethora of motor problems and health concerns including specific bladder and bowel dysfunctions. Indeed, chronic constipation and urinary retention, two significant life-threatening complications, are typically found in patients suffering of traumatic (e.g. , falls or car accidents) or non-traumatic SCI (e.g. , multiple sclerosis, spinal tumors). Secondary health concerns associated with these dysfunctions include hemorrhoids, abdominal distention, altered visceral sensitivity, hydronephrosis, kidney failure, urinary tract infections, sepsis and, in some cases, cardiac arrest. Consequently, individuals with chronic SCI are forced to regularly seek emergency and critical care treatments when some of these conditions occur or become intolerable. Increasing evidence supports the existence of a novel experimental approach that may be capable of preventing the occurrence or severity of bladder and bowel problems. Indeed, recent findings in animal models of SCI have revealed that, despite paraplegia or tetraplegia, it remains possible to elicit episodes of micturition and defecation by acting pharmacologically or electrically upon specialized lumbosacral neuronal networks, namely the spinal or sacral micturition center (SMC) and lumbosacral defecation center (LDC). Daily activation of SMC and LDC neurons could potentially become, new classes of minimally invasive treatments (i.e. , if orally active) against these dysfunctions and their many lifethreatening complications.

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Ghrelin receptors as targets for novel motility drugs

Cited by 7 publications

References 42 publications

Neuromechanism of acupuncture regulating gastrointestinal motility

Neuromechanism of acupuncture regulating gastrointestinal motility

Ghrelin Physiology and Pathophysiology: Focus on the Cardiovascular System

New pharmacological approaches against chronic bowel and bladder problems in paralytics

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