Giant electrostrain under low driving field in Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3-SrTiO3 ceramics for actuator applications

Influence of oxygen vacancies on core‐shell formation in solid solutions of (Na,Bi)TiO3 and SrTiO3

“…7 NBT solid solutions with ST (NBT-ST) are of particular interest for high strain ferroelectric applications. 2,4,8,9,10,11,12,13 Strains above 0.3% could be achieved. Furthermore, the polarization hysteresis loops (polarization P plotted vs. electric field E) show pinching with low remanent polarization.…”

“…Interestingly, even at temperatures around 800 K, a ferroelectric-like polarization could be induced in such a core-shell structure, which was ultimately attributed to a flexoelectric effect. 8 The problem with that theory, however, is that the literature about NBT-ST derived compositions often does not report core-shell structures 9,10,11,12,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27 or specifically states that is non-present. 28,29 Therefore, it is of high importance to rationalize the formation and impact of core-shell structures in the respective materials.…”

“…NBT solid solutions with ST (NBT‐ST) are of particular interest for high strain ferroelectric applications 2,4,8,9,10,11,12,13 . Strains above 0.3% could be achieved.…”

Designing properties of (Na1/2Bix)TiO3-based materials through A-site non-stoichiometry

“…[13][14][15] A core-shell microstructure favored the development of a reversible high electrostrain at reduced electric field. 16 Despite the amount of work performed on the core-shell microstructure, other works on NBT-ST or related materials presented no evidence of a core-shell structure, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] or it was proposed that no core-shell structure forms. 34,35 The electrical properties of the NBT-ST compounds also differ, despite similar synthesis parameters.…”

Local Order and Oxygen Ion Conduction Induced High-Temperature Colossal Permittivity in Lead-Free Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-Based Systems

“…Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 (BNT) ceramics are A-site composite ion type lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics with ABO 3 structure. − Bi 3+ and Na + , each with site occupation factor 0.5, were constrained to be at the same coordinates . Although the chemical long-range order can be ruled out, the chemical short-range order with Bi 3+ and Na + along the ⟨001⟩ direction is still possible after T m ∼ 300 °C .…”