Giardia/giardiasis — A perspective on diagnostic and analytical tools

Koehler, Anson V.; Jex, Aaron R.; Haydon, Shane R.; Stevens, Melita; Gasser, Robin B.

doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.10.009

Cited by 83 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…Thus, assemblages A and B are found in human and other animals, being considered zoonotic, whereas the other assemblages display host speciicity and do not infect humans (C and B in dog, F in cat, E in hoofed animal, G in rodents, and H in sea mammals). Interestingly, this proportion is not altered when comparing data from developing and developed countries, but the prevalence of mixed infections is higher in the developing countries [8,[15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 94%

“…In vitro trophozoites double in number every 6 hours in the fastest growing isolates. The emerging parasites (excyzoites) quickly transform into trophozoites that atach to the intestinal epithelial cells using the adhesive disk, which is a major virulence factor; in this way, any excreted cysts are mature, highly infectious, and quite resistant to disinfectants routinely used for water treatment such as chlorine [8,16,18].…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymerase chain reaction has been largely experimental, but it is being increasingly used in ield and laboratory setings; considering that excretion of cysts may be variable or in low concentrations (50-80% sensitive), two or three checkups may be necessary, leading to a late diagnosis (>2 weeks) [3]. Stool antigen tests are standard in most laboratories and are highly sensitive (>90%), speciic (~100%), and relatively inexpensive and do not require a trained microscopist [2,9,13,18].…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of morphological characteristics of the trophozoite can be used for the initial diagnostic, but it is not possible to identify which speciic species by light microscopy, the reason why another type of test could be used in the medical approach. Electron microscopy might be useful for the identiication of some Giardia species, but it is not applicable for screening or routine use [15,18].…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various enzyme-linked immunoassays have been used and report speciicities of 87-100% and sensitivities of 63-100%. Flow cytometry is another technique to identify the Giardia cysts when immunoluorescent staining and microscopic examination and/or enumeration report unsatisfactory results [15,18].…”

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Introductory Chapter: Giardiasis - Still a Globally Relevant Protozoan and Zoonotic Disease

Rodríguez‐Morales¹,

Trujillo²,

Sánchez‐Duque³

et al. 2017

Current Topics in Giardiasis

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Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Introductory Chapter: Giardiasis - Still a Globally Relevant Protozoan and Zoonotic Disease

Rodríguez‐Morales¹,

Trujillo²,

Sánchez‐Duque³

et al. 2017

Current Topics in Giardiasis

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Fluorescence decay of dyed protozoa: differences between stressed and non‐stressed cysts

et al. 2015

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Several series of tests have shown that fresh, intact samples of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium parvum (oo)cysts are not marked by fluorescent probes such as carboxyfluorcein-succinimidyl-diacetate-ester (CFDA-SE), C12-resazurin and SYTOX® Green, probably because of their robust cell walls. These dyes fail to indicate the viability of such protozoa and allow negative responses to be recorded from living and infectious samples. Cryptosporidium parvum showed stronger isolation from chemicals, with living oocysts remaining unstained by the probe for up to 90 days after extraction. However, in further fluorescence decay (FD) experiments run with G. duodenalis samples stained using CFDA-SE (comprising living, non-stressed but aged cysts, heat-killed samples and UV-C-stressed samples) each showed a different FD decay profile, here studied in seven series of tests of five replicates each. The FD profiles were fitted by double-exponential decay kinetics, with the decay constant k2 being five times higher than k1. This FD procedure is fast and can be easily reproduced in 10 steps, taking ~ 1 h of laboratory work for already purified samples.

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Giardia lamblia: Laboratory Maintenance, Lifecycle Induction, and Infection of Murine Models

2020

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Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite that is found ubiquitously throughout the world and is a major contributor to diarrheal disease. Giardia exhibits a biphasic lifestyle existing as either a dormant cyst or a vegetative trophozoite. Infections are typically initiated through the consumption of cyst-contaminated water or food. Giardia was first axenized in the 1970s and can be readily maintained in a laboratory setting. Additionally, Giardia is one of the few protozoans that can be induced to complete its complete lifecycle using laboratory methods. In this article, we outline protocols to maintain Giardia and induce passage through its lifecycle. We also provide protocols for infecting and quantifying parasites in an animal infection model.

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Giardia/giardiasis — A perspective on diagnostic and analytical tools

Cited by 83 publications

References 195 publications

Introductory Chapter: Giardiasis - Still a Globally Relevant Protozoan and Zoonotic Disease

Introductory Chapter: Giardiasis - Still a Globally Relevant Protozoan and Zoonotic Disease

Fluorescence decay of dyed protozoa: differences between stressed and non‐stressed cysts

Giardia lamblia: Laboratory Maintenance, Lifecycle Induction, and Infection of Murine Models

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