Gibberellic Acid Production by Different Fermentation Systems Using Citric Pulp as Substrate/Support

Abstract

Gibberellic acid (GA3) is an important phytohormone, a member of gibberellins family, which acts as a promoter and regulator of plant growth. This study aimed to evaluate GA3 production by Fusarium moniliforme LPB03 and Gibberella fujikuroi LPB06 using different techniques of fermentation, solid state fermentation (SSF), submerged fermentation (SmF), and semisolid state fermentation (SSSF), and different types of bioreactors. In all techniques, citric pulp (CP), a subproduct obtained from the extraction of orange juice, was employed as the substrate/support. GA3 production by SSF reached 7.60 g kg−1 and 7.34 g kg−1 in Erlenmeyer flasks and column bioreactors, respectively. For SmF, the highest concentration of GA3 obtained was 236.00 mg L−1 in Erlenmeyer flasks, 273.00 mg L−1 in a 10 L stirred tank reactor (STR), and 203.00 mg L−1 in a 1.5 L bubble column reactor (BCR). SSSF was conducted with a CP suspension. In this case, GA3 concentration reached 331.00 mg L−1 in Erlenmeyer flasks and 208 mg L−1 in a BCR. The choice of the fermentation technique is undoubtedly linked to the characteristics and productivity of each process. The methods studied are inexpensive and were found to produce good proportions of GA3, making them suitable for several applications.

Solid-state fermentation technology and innovation for the production of agricultural and animal feed bioproducts

“…Different substrates have been used for GA 3 production in SSF, such as citric pulp [130][131][132], pigeon pea pod, pea pod, corn cub, sorghum straw [133], coffee husks [134], wheat bran [135][136][137] and others (Table 6). Media supplementation with carbon sources can be carried out using sucrose and starch.…”

A New Endophytic Fusarium Oxysporum Gibberellic Acid: Optimization of Production Using Combined Strategies of Experimental Designs and Potency on Tomato Growth under Stress Condition

“…The Taguchi method was successfully used to examine the effects of different medium components such as carbon and nitrogen sources influencing the production of various microbiology metabolites [21][22][23][24]. In this study, the L25 Taguchi design was used to determine the relative effect of the selected factors (sesame bark, wheat straw, date waste, NaNO 3 , urea, and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 on GA3 production by B28 strain Fusarium oxysporum and also to choose the most adequate substrate among the studied ones.…”

“…Therefore, GA3 production increased by the use of date waste and wheat straw at its higher levels. Several studies have reported the production of GA3 in SSF using waste and byproducts [9,10,24]. Panchal and Desai [26], who investigated the production of GA3 of Fusarium moniliforme in SSF, used the commercial wheat bran (CWB) mineral salt acid as a solid substrate.…”

“…They reported that the increase of GA3 production may be in direct correlation with the complexity of the carbon sources. Citric pulp was largely used as substrate/support for GA3 production in SSF [24,[27][28][29]. Nevertheless, there were no earlier reports using date waste and wheat straw as carbon source and solid substrate for GA3 production in SSF.…”

The Gibberellin Producer Fusarium fujikuroi: Methods and Technologies in the Current Toolkit

“…In an SSF system, the selection of support/substrate materials is crucial, as it may provide nutrients, serve as a support material, and induce product synthesis. Different types of substrate materials have been tested for GAs production, including wheat bran (Agosin et al, 1997;Bandelier et al, 1997), Coffee husk (Machado et al, 2002(Machado et al, , 2004, citric pulp (Rodrigues et al, 2009;de Oliveira et al, 2017), Pigeon pea pods, Corncobs, Sorghum straw (Satpute et al, 2010) etc. The use of these plant derived materials/wastes reduced the production cost whereas all resulted in a high productivity of GAs.…”