Ginger Loaded Polyethylene Oxide Electrospun Nanomembrane: Rheological and Antimicrobial Attributes

Abstract

Synthetic antibiotics have captured the market in recent years, but the side effects of these products are life-threatening. In recent times, researchers have focused their research on natural-based products such as natural herbal oils, which are eco-friendly, biocompatible, biodegradable, and antibacterial. In this study, polyethylene oxide (PEO) and aqueous ginger extract (GE) were electrospun to produce novel antibacterial nanomembrane sheets as a function of PEO and GE concentrations. A GE average particle size of 91.16 nm was achieved with an extensive filtration process, inferring their incorporation in the PEO nanofibres. The presence of the GE was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) through peaks of phenol and aromatic groups. The viscoelastic properties of PEO/GE solutions were analysed in terms of PEO and GE concentrations. Increasing PEO and GE concentrations increased the solution’s viscosity. The dynamic viscosity of 3% was not changed with increasing shear rate, indicating Newtonian fluid behaviour. The dynamic viscosity of 4 and 5 wt% PEO/GE solutions containing 10% GE increased exponentially compared to 3 wt%. In addition, the shear thinning behaviour was observed over a frequency range of 0.05 to 100 rad/s. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis also specified an increase in the nanofibre’s diameter with increasing PEO concentration, while SEM images displayed smooth morphology with beadless nanofibres at different PEO/GE concentrations. In addition, PEO/GE nanomembranes inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, as presented by qualitative antibacterial results. The extent of PEO/GE nanomembrane’s antibacterial activity was further investigated by the agar dilution method, which inhibited the 98.79% Staphylococcus aureus population at 30% GE concentration.

Development of Sustainable Hydrophilic Azadirachta indica Loaded PVA Nanomembranes for Cosmetic Facemask Applications

“…Compared to conventional face masks, electrospun nanofiber membranes provide effective contact with the skin and release the active ingredients quickly and deeper into the skin pores. These membranes do not require preservatives to store the active agents and may be packaged as dry membranes, thus, minimizing the degradation rate of active agents due to non-aqueous storage [ 20 , 21 ]. Moreover, these membranes are developed from the green eco-friendly synthesis approach with natural ingredients as skin nutrients; therefore, they are the most suitable candidate for cosmetic applications [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Development and Characterization of Drug Loaded PVA/PCL Fibres for Wound Dressing Applications

“…To develop fibres from different polymers, various techniques including wet spinning, gel spinning, melt spinning, and, most widely, electrospinning have been used to produce nanofibers [ 34 , 35 ]. Among these techniques, wet spinning is one of the most used techniques to develop medical fibres [ 36 ].…”

Effects of Ginger and Garlic Powders on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Fruit Juices during Storage

“…Phenolic compounds of ginger are inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism [ 44 ]. Ginger has an antimicrobial effect on various microorganisms ( S. typhi , E. coli , and B. subtilis ), and gingerol as well as shagelol are considered the more active agents [ 45 ] which lead to swelling and rupture of the bacterial cell [ 46 ]. The effects of ginger used for seasoning also for preserving different food products were evaluated, such as citrus juice [ 47 ], watermelon juice mixed with bitter gourd [ 48 ], grain syrup [ 49 ], and apple juice [ 40 ].…”