Gingival blood flow before, during, and after clenching, measured by laser Doppler blood flowmeter: A pilot study

Background/Aim: Pulp mineralisation is a survival process that may occur in the pulp of immature teeth following trauma. However, the mechanism of this process remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological manifestations of pulp mineralisation after intrusion in immature molars of rats. Materials and Methods:Three-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intrusive luxation of the right maxillary second molar by an impact force from a striking instrument through a metal force transfer rod. The left maxillary second molar of each rat was used as a control. The control and injured maxillae were collected at 3, 7, 10, 14, and 30 days after trauma (n = 15 per time group) and evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Independent twotailed Student's t-test was used for statistical comparison of the immunoreactive area.Results: Pulp atrophy and mineralisation were observed in 30%-40% of the animals, and no pulp necrosis occurred. Ten days after trauma, pulp mineralisation, with osteoid tissue rather than reparative dentin, formed around the newly vascularised areas in the coronal pulp. CD90-immunoreactive cells were observed in the sub-odontoblastic multicellular layer in control molars, whereas the number of these cells was decreased in the traumatised teeth. CD105 localised in cells around the pulp osteoid tissue of the traumatised teeth, whereas in control teeth, it was only expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of capillaries in the odontoblastic or sub-odontoblastic layers. In specimens with pulp atrophy at 3-10 days after trauma, hypoxia inducible factor expression and CD11b-immunoreactive inflammatory cells increased.Conclusions: Following intrusive luxation of immature teeth without crown fractures in rats, no pulp necrosis occurred. Instead, pulp atrophy and osteogenesis around neovascularisation with activated CD105-immunoreactive cells were observed in the coronal pulp microenvironment characterised by hypoxia and inflammation.

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“…This can be achieved via Laser Doppler Flowmetry to detect blood oxygen saturation. [38][39][40] This…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, before applying these treatment options, the hypoxic status of the dental pulp must be confirmed. This can be achieved via Laser Doppler Flowmetry to detect blood oxygen saturation 38–40 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological analysis for pulp mineralisation after severe intrusive luxation of immature molars in rats

Wang

Gao

Ren

et al. 2023

Dental Traumatology

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“…Considering the age-dependent decrease in the ability to maintain blood flow in the gingiva [32], along with the presence of maxillomandibular anomalies in assessed subjects, it is likely that determined changes in blood flow dynamics will be amplified, thereby increasing the risk of periodontal diseases [1,5]. Furthermore, the presence of ischemia in the gingiva during orthodontic treatment of maxillomandibular anomalies could lead to additional trauma of the oral mucosa [33]. Therefore, it further emphasizes the importance of restoring adequate microcirculation, which is equally significant as preventing occlusal trauma [33,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Oral Habits and Buccal Frenulum on Gingival Microcirculation in Children: Findings and Clinical Significance

Makhlynets,

Antoniak,

Pantus

et al. 2023

Galician med. j.

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Background. Oral mucosal abnormalities such as abnormal lip frenulum, buccal frenulum, ankyloglossia are commonly observed in a routine dental practice. The close anatomical and functional relationship between the gingiva and the alveolar bone determines the significance of abnormal mucosal structures in the development of malocclusions and periodontal diseases. Oral habits are more prevalent in childhood; however, they can persist into adolescence and adulthood, potentially leading to dentofacial impairments and malocclusions. Therefore, there is a growing interest in understanding oral mucosal blood flow in the presence of oral habits and abnormal mucosal structures, as their combined effects may have a synergistic influence on the development of maxillomandibular anomalies. Aim. This study was aimed to investigate age-depended parameters of gingival microcirculation in children with buccal frenulum, oral habits, and maxillomandibular anomalies. Methods. This cross-sectional study involved 45 apparently healthy children and 180 children with oral habits, buccal frenulum, and maxillomandibular anomalies, divided into 3 age groups (ages 9 to 12, 12 to 15, and 15 to 17 years). Oral mucosal blood flow was assessed using a rheograph DX (Kharkiv, Ukraine) by measuring qualitative characteristics and quantitative parameters such as the vascular tone index (VTI), venous outflow index (VOI), peripheral resistance index (PRI), extensive blood flow index (EBFI), and rheographic index (RI). Statistical analysis included Spearman’s correlation, a Kruskal-Wallis H test, and a Dunn’s post-hoc test. Results. The study revealed a significantly higher VTI in all patient groups, increasing with age and reaching +80.54% in the oldest age group compared to the respective control group. This elevation was accompanied by a moderate correlation enhancing the PRI (+4.61% in 9-12-year-old group to +33.42% in 15-17-year-old group). Furthermore, the VOI exhibited a noteworthy and age-dependent increase; however, there was a notable reduction in the RI (-41.10% to -59.70%) and EBFI values (-35.54% and -37.70% versus -23.97% in the youngest age group). Conclusions. This study demonstrated a relationship between oral habits, buccal frenulum, and age-dependent disturbance of gingival microcirculation in children. The findings suggest that chronic traumatization due to oral habits and abnormal mucosal structures lead to increased vasoconstriction and impaired vessel elasticity. Early intervention and management of such category of patients are crucial for preserving optimal gingival microcirculation.

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“…In addition, aspects of the application of LDF in dentistry have become a separate scientific field. Because of its ability to assess blood flow non-invasively, LDF is now in demand for the diagnosis of gingival inflammation [19], the quality of therapy [20], and the pulp blood flow [21]. LDF has also found an application in the tasks of diagnosing the damage recovery process, such as in Achilles tendon injuries [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Skin Vascular Complications Revealed by Time-Frequency Analysis and Laser Doppler Spectrum Decomposition

Zherebtsov

Kozlov

Dremin

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Nowadays, photonics-based techniques are used extensively in various applications, including functional clinical diagnosis, progress monitoring in treatment, and provision of metrological control. In fact, in the frame of practical implementation of optical methods, such as laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), the qualitative interpretation and quantitative assessment of the detected signal remains vital and urgently required. In the conventional LDF approach, the key measured parameters, index of microcirculation and perfusion rate, are proportional to an averaged concentration of red blood cells (RBC) and their average velocity within a diagnostic volume. These quantities compose mixed signals from different vascular beds with a range of blood flow velocities and are typically expressed

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Gingival blood flow before, during, and after clenching, measured by laser Doppler blood flowmeter: A pilot study

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Histological analysis for pulp mineralisation after severe intrusive luxation of immature molars in rats

Histological analysis for pulp mineralisation after severe intrusive luxation of immature molars in rats

Impact of Oral Habits and Buccal Frenulum on Gingival Microcirculation in Children: Findings and Clinical Significance

Diagnosis of Skin Vascular Complications Revealed by Time-Frequency Analysis and Laser Doppler Spectrum Decomposition

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