Gingival Cell IL‐2 and IL‐4 in Early‐Onset Periodontitis

Manhart, Scott S.; Reinhardt, Richard; Payne, Jeffrey B.; Seymour, G. J.; Gemmell, E.; Dyer, John K.; Petro, Thomas M.

doi:10.1902/jop.1994.65.9.807

Cited by 79 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…39 A cell blot analysis of IL-2/IL-4 gingival tissue mononuclear cells (GTMCs) ratios in patients with early-onset periodontitis (EOP) and gingivitis revealed greater areas of IL-4 staining for EOP than the gingivitis control GTMC. 40 These data support the hypothesis that altered IL-2/IL-4 activities are associated with the modulation of inflammation in periodontitis lesions. In the present study, it was found that the IL-2/IL-4 ratios of PDCM groups were higher than those of e-PTFE groups for observations on Days 7, 10, and 14.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Comparison of Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles of initial wound healing of rats induced by PDCM and e‐PTFE

2003

J Biomed Mater Res

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The results show that the intensities of IL-2 cytokine in PDCM groups were slightly higher than those of e-PTFE groups but without statistical significance. The level of interferon-␥ in PDCM groups was lower than that of e-PTFE groups, but also without significant differences. However, expressions of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) induced by e-PTFE were generally higher than those of PDCM and control groups at all times (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.05). In a comparison of the mean ratio of IL-2/IL-4 with the use of the Mann-Whitney U test, data for the PDCM group were generally higher than those of the e-PTFE group, with statistical significance at all time intervals (p < 0.05). A descending order of the intensity ratio of IL-2/IL-4 was PDCM groups > control groups > e-PTFE groups. These findings indicate that the cytokine profiles of PDCM, in connection with the GTR technique, demonstrate a higher trend toward Th1-dominated responses and may protect against periodontal tissue destruction, as compared to the Th2-dominated responses of e-PTFE.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Comparison of Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles of initial wound healing of rats induced by PDCM and e‐PTFE

2003

J Biomed Mater Res

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“…In addition, adoptive transfer experiments have indicated an active role for Th1 cytokines in periodontal disease exacerbation, and some studies have shown that Th2 cytokines may be protective [9,16]. However, other studies suggest that this association is not consistently observed [17,18,19]. The induction of polarized T cell responses, and their association with infection-induced pathology or disease-protective mechanisms has led to the development of novel vaccines and immunotherapeutics [20,21].…”

Section: Discusssionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Th1 biased response to a novel Porphyromonas gingivalis protein aggravates bone resorption caused by this oral pathogen

Leshem

Kashino²,

Gonçalves

et al. 2008

Microbes and Infection

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In previous studies we showed that biasing the immune response to Porphyromonas gingivalis antigens to the Th1 phenotype increases inflammatory bone resorption caused by this organism. Using a T cell screening strategy we identified eight P. gingivalis genes coding for proteins that appear to be involved in T-helper cell responses. In the present study we characterized the protein, encoded by PG_1841 gene and evaluated its relevance in the in bone resorption caused by P. gingivalis because subcutaneous infection of mice with this organism resulted in the induction of Th1 biased response to the recombinant PG1841 antigen molecule. Using an immunization regime that strongly biases toward the Th1 phenotype followed by challenge with P. gingivalis in dental pulp tissue, we demonstrate that mice pre-immunized with rPG1841 developed severe bone loss compared with control immunized mice. Pre-immunization of mice with the antigen using a Th2 biasing regime resulted in no exacerbation of the disease.These results support the notion that selected antigens of P. gingivalis are involved in a biased Th1 host response that leads to the severe bone loss caused by this oral pathogen.

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“…7±9 On the other hand, others have failed to identify Th2-type cytokines in periodontal in¯ammatory lesions. 10,11 Experiments using adoptive transfer of speci®c Th2 and Th1 cells into nude rats 9,12 have shown that Th2 cells protect the periodontal tissue from bacterial destruction, while Th1 cells do not. The data suggest that the type of T-cell response in the periodontium will determine the outcome of periodontal infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeat bacterial challenge in a subcutaneous chamber model results in augmented tumour necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ response, and suppression of interleukin‐10

et al. 2000

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SUMMARYThe present study compared the effect of a single or a repeat challenge with the Gram-negative pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis on the local in¯ammatory response within subcutaneous chamber model in mice. Subcutaneous chambers were implanted 2 weeks prior to the ®nal challenge. The repeat-challenge (REP) group received two intrachamber bacterial injections 14 days apart, while the single-injection group (SIN) received only a single bacterial challenge. Injection of saline was used as the control. The cellular contents of the chamber exudates were used for differential cell counts, and the supernatants were analysed for tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interferon-c (IFN-c), and interleukin (IL)-10 levels. Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a levels to P. gingivalis in the exudates were also determined. The results showed that the leucocyte counts increased signi®cantly post-challenge, and the REP group showed the highest number of lymphocytes and neutrophils. Both P. gingivalis-challenged groups exhibited signi®cant increase in TNF-a and IL-10 levels at day 1 post-challenge. TNF-a levels in the chamber exudate were threefold higher in the REP group compared with the SIN group on day 1 post-challenge (P<0 . 05). In contrast, IL-10 levels were signi®cantly lower in the REP group 1 day post-challenge compared with the SIN group. The REP group had signi®cantly higher levels of IFN-c at baseline, and this difference remained signi®cant 1 day post-challenge. Analysis of antibody levels to P. gingivalis showed that while the control and the SIN groups had no anti-P. gingivalis IgG in the chamber exudate during the 7-day study period, the REP group showed high anti-P. gingivalis IgG levels. In addition, the titres of IgG2a were ®vefold higher than the IgG1 titres. The results showed that a repeat local challenge with P. gingivalis augmented the proin¯ammatory cytokines TNF-a and IFN-c, while inhibiting the accumulation of the anti-in¯ammatory cytokine IL-10. This shift towards a T helper 1 (Th1)-dominant response was re¯ected in the relatively high anti-P. gingivalis IgG2a titres in the local in¯ammatory environment 7 days post-challenge.

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Gingival Cell IL‐2 and IL‐4 in Early‐Onset Periodontitis

Cited by 79 publications

References 27 publications

Comparison of Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles of initial wound healing of rats induced by PDCM and e‐PTFE

Comparison of Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles of initial wound healing of rats induced by PDCM and e‐PTFE

Th1 biased response to a novel Porphyromonas gingivalis protein aggravates bone resorption caused by this oral pathogen

Repeat bacterial challenge in a subcutaneous chamber model results in augmented tumour necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ response, and suppression of interleukin‐10

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