Gingival Crevicular Fluid Peptidome Profiling in Healthy and in Periodontal Diseases

Abstract

Given its intrinsic nature, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is an attractive source for the discovery of novel biomarkers of periodontal diseases. GCF contains antimicrobial peptides and small proteins which could play a role in specific immune-inflammatory responses to guarantee healthy gingival status and to prevent periodontal diseases. Presently, several proteomics studies have been performed leading to increased coverage of the GCF proteome, however fewer efforts have been done to explore its natural peptides. To fill such gap, this review provides an overview of the mass spectrometric platforms and experimental designs aimed at GCF peptidome profiling, including our own data and experiences gathered from over several years of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) based approach in this field. These tools might be useful for capturing snapshots containing diagnostic clinical information on an individual and population scale, which may be used as a specific code not only for the diagnosis of the nature or the stage of the inflammatory process in periodontal disease, but more importantly, for its prognosis, which is still an unmet medical need. As a matter of fact, current peptidomics investigations suffer from a lack of standardized procedures, posing a serious problem for data interpretation. Descriptions of the efforts to address such concerns will be highlighted.

Clinical Significance of Inflammatory Factors, Osteocalcin, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Drug Treatment of Severe Periodontitis

“…Therefore, this study attempted to explore the relevant indicators that may affect the therapeutic effect of drugs for severe periodontitis. Gingival Crevicular fluid (GCF) refers to the exudate of gingival tissue in the gingival sulci [ 4 ]. The liquid contains a variety of substances that reflect the pathophysiological status of periodontal tissue, among which inflammatory indicators are indicators reflecting the inflammatory state, osteocalcin promotes bone absorption, and MMP-8 is a proteolytic enzyme.…”

Searching for essential genes and drug discovery in breast cancer and periodontitis via text mining and bioinformatics analysis

“…Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a vital target in the search of both periodontitis and gingivitis biomarkers. It has been demonstrated that the protein composition may reflect the pathophysiology of periodontitis using proteomics approach [ 42 ]. Preiano et al .…”

Optimal Examination Sites for Periodontal Disease Evaluation: Applying the Item Response Theory Graded Response Model

“…Several methods that do not require oral examinations for the screening of periodontal disease have been proposed [ 36 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. These include questionnaires [ 49 , 50 ] and biochemical analysis of the saliva [ 47 ] or gingival crevicular fluid [ 51 ]. However, the sensitivity and specificity of questionnaires used for periodontitis screening is not high enough, and using biochemical analyses requires a special measuring device.…”